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CHAPTER 13

CHAPTER 13 The Euromarkets I. THE EUROCURRENCY MARKETS THE EUROMARKETS -the most obvious example of the globalization of financial markets A. The Eurocurrency Market 1. Composed of eurobanks who accept/maintain deposits of foreign currency 2. Dominant currency: US$

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CHAPTER 13

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  1. CHAPTER 13 The Euromarkets

  2. I. THE EUROCURRENCY MARKETS • THE EUROMARKETS • -the most obvious example of the globalization of financial markets • A. The Eurocurrency Market • 1. Composed of eurobanks who accept/maintain deposits of foreign currency • 2. Dominant currency: US$

  3. THE EUROCURRENCY MARKETS • B. Growth of Eurodollar Market • caused by restrictive US government policies, especially • 1. Reserve requirements on deposits • 2. Special charges and taxes • 3. Required concessionary loan rates • 4. Interest rate ceilings • 5. Rules which restrict bank competition.

  4. THE EUROCURRENCY MARKETS • C. Eurodollar Creation involves • 1. A chain of deposits • 2. Changing control/usage of deposit

  5. THE EUROCURRENCY MARKETS • 3. Eurocurrency loans • a. Use London Interbank Offer Rate: LIBOR as basic rate • b. Six month rollovers • c. Risk indicator: size of margin between cost and rate charged.

  6. THE EUROCURRENCY MARKETS • 4. Multicurrency Clauses • a. Clause gives borrower option to switch currency of loan at rollover. • b. Reduces exchange rate risk

  7. THE EUROCURRENCY MARKETS • 5. Domestic vs. Eurocurrency Markets • a. Closely linked rates by arbitrage • b. Euro rates: tend to lower lending, higher deposit

  8. II. EUROBONDS • A. DEFINITION OF EUROBONDS • bonds sold outside the country of currency denomination. • 1. Recent Substantial Market Growth • due to use of swaps. • a financial instrument which gives 2 parties the right to exchange streams of income over time.

  9. EUROBONDS • 2. Links to Domestic Bond Markets • arbitrage has eliminated interest • rate differential. • 3. Placement • underwritten by syndicates of banks

  10. EUROBONDS • 4. Currency Denomination • a. Most often US$ • b. “Cocktails” allow a basket of currencies • 5. Eurobond Secondary Market • -result of rising investor demand • 6. Retirement • a. sinking fund usually • b. some carry call provisions.

  11. EUROBONDS • 7. Ratings • a. According to relative risk • b. Rating Agencies • Moody’s, Standard & Poor • 8. Rationale For Market Existence • a. Eurobonds avoid government • regulation • b. May fade as market deregulate

  12. EUROBONDS • B. Eurobond vs. Eurocurrency Loans • 1. Five Differences • a. Eurocurrency loans use variable rates • b. Loans have shorter maturities • c. Bonds have greater volume • d. Loans have greater flexibility • e. Loans obtained faster

  13. III. NOTE ISSUANCE FACILITIES AND EURONOTES • A. Note Issuance Facility (NIF) • 1. Low-cost substitute for loan • 2. Allows borrowers to issue own notes • 3. Placed/distributed by banks

  14. NOTE ISSUANCE FACILITIES AND EURONOTES • B. NIFs vs. Eurobonds • 1. Differences: • a. Notes draw down credit as needed • b. Notes let owners determine timing • c. Notes must be held to maturity

  15. IV. EURO-COMMERCIAL PAPER • I. SHORT-TERM FINANCING • A. Euronotes and Euro-Commercial Paper • 1. Euronotes • unsecured short-term debt securities denominated in US$ and issued by corporations and governments. • 2. Euro-commercial paper(CP) • euronotes not bankunderwritten

  16. EURO-COMMERCIAL PAPER • B. U.S. vs. Euro-CPs • 1. Average maturity longer (2x) • for Euro-CPs • 2. Secondary market for Euro; • not for U.S. CPs. • 3. Smaller fraction of Euro use • credit rating services to rate. • Problems: 2, 3, 4

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