NS100

1. NS100 Fundamentals of Naval Science Damage Control

2. Objectives: 1. Understand damage control theory and its interaction with the damage control organization. 2. Understand the different classes of fires and their preferred extinguishing agents. 3. Understand the basic purpose of the firemain system.

3. Objectives: 4. Discuss the basic procedures for combating shipboard fires and flooding. 5. Be familiar with the damage control equipment, used in combating fires and flooding.

4. Damage Control Theory Shipboard fires and other damage control emergencies can cause loss of life and severely damage equipment. It can go from a small casualty to a shipwide catastrophe in a few seconds. Recent history provides us with example of fire on board Forrestal, Enterprise, Stark, and more recently YP693.

6. Damage Control Theory The only way to effectively fight fires and control the spread of damage is to have a well-trained and ready Damage Control organization. DAMAGE CONTROL INVOLVES EVERY PERSON IN THE SHIP

7. Damage Control Organization 1. The primary duty of the DC organization is the prevention and control of damage in order to keep the ship fighting. DC objectives are attained by taking the necessary action to: a. preserve stability b. preserve water-tight integrity c. control list and trim

8. Damage Control Organization d. prevent, isolate, combat, extinguish and remove effects of fire. e. detect, confine, and remove effects of CBR attack f. facilitate the care of personnel injuries g. make rapid repairs to the ship’s structure and equipment

9. Damage Control Organization 3. Damage Control organization is divided into two parts: a. Administrative / preventative organization - PQS / PMS b. Battle corrective organization - inport fire parties, rescue and assistance (R&A) teams,and repair lockers.

10. Fire Prevention

11. Fire Prevention Background: Fire and flooding are constant potential hazards aboard ship. All possible measures must be taken to prevent their occurrence or to bring about their rapid control and return to normalcy.

12. Fire Prevention 1. Each ship is required to institute and maintain a fire prevention program. 2. The program should heighten the awareness of ship’s personnel in the following areas: a. Reduction of fire hazards b. Proper stowage, handling, classification of hazardous material (HAZMAT)

13. Fire Prevention c. Shipboard fuels fire prevention d. Hotwork precautions e. Removal of trash f. Removal of fuels and lubricants from drip pans

14. Fire Prevention g. Proper PMS on firefighting equipment h. Conduct frequent fire safety inspections.

15. Battle Organization (Underway) The basic D.C. organization consist of D.C. central and repair parties. 1.Commanding Officer (command and control) a. Has overall responsibility for the safety of the ship and the lives of the crew. b. Must ensure the command is adequately trained and continually exercised. c. Must be fully aware of the adequacy and operability of all DC equipment

16. Battle Organization (Underway) • 2.Executive Officer • Responsible for training and DC readiness • b. Leader of the Damage Control Training • Team (DCTT).

17. Battle Organization (Underway) 3.Officer of the Deck (OOD) a. CO’s primary assistant and / or direct representative on the bridge. b. Must have extensive knowledge of ship’s systems and DC emergency procedures.

18. Battle Organization (Underway) 4.Damage Control Assistant (DCA) a. Coordinates action from Damage Control Central (DCC). b. Receives and evaluates information from all repair parties. c. Initiates orders to repair parties.

19. Battle Organization (Underway) e. Keeps the bridge informed of the progress of firefighting, flooding control, CBR defense... f. Maintains required charts and diagrams.

20. Battle Organization (Underway) 5.At-sea Fire Party a. Responds immediately to fire alarms when repair parties are not manned. b. Extinguishes small fires without disrupting other ship’s operations. c. Controls fires until general quarters stations can be manned and become ready to effect relief of the Repair party.

21. Battle Organization (Underway) 6. Repair Parties: a. General Functions: - Control and extinguish fires, control flooding - First aid evacuation of wounded - Electrical and sound-powered phone repair - Identification and decontamination of CBR agents - Perform emergency repairs - Evaluate and report damage - Repair hull damage

22. Battle Organization (Underway) b. Specific functions: - Repair II = Forward Repair - Repair III = Aft Repair (secondary DCC) - Repair V = Main Propulsion - Repair VIII Electronics Repair

23. Repair Party Organization Number of Men Position Team 1 Scene Leader Attack Team 1Team Leader - OBA Attack Team 1 per hose Nozzleman - OBA Attack Team 2 per hose Hosemen - OBA Attack Team 1 per hose Plugman 4 Rapid Response Team 2 Investigator - OBA 6 Boundaryman 2 Messenger/Phone Talker 1 Electrician

24. Emergency Party Organization a. Repair Party Leader - Takes charge at the repair locker. - Receives reports from scene leader and investigators. - Reports to and receives orders from DC Central.

25. Emergency Party Organization b. Scene Leader - In charge at the scene - Determines the method of attack, what agents to use, where to establish initial fire and smoke boundaries, etc. - Receives information from the team leader and investigators, and makes reports to the repair locker and DC Central

26. Emergency Party Organization ATTACK TEAM

27. Emergency Party Organization ATTACK TEAM c. Team Leader: - In charge of the attack team (nozzleman and hosemen) and reports to the scene leader. - Wears an OBA and protective clothing - Operates the Naval Firefighter’s Thermal Imager (NFTI) when required.

28. Team Leader

29. ATTACK TEAM d. Nozzleman: - Wears an OBA and protective clothing. - Employs hose or other extinguishing agent under the direction of the team leader.

30. ATTACK TEAM e. Hosemen: - Wears an OBA and protective clothing. - Tends hose or other extinguishing agent under the direction of the nozzleman.

31. Emergency Party Organization f. Access / Overhaul man: - Uses various tools and techniques, as required, to safely gain access to spaces for attack teams. - After fire is extinguished, returns to use various tools as required to overhaul the fire and ensure the fire is completely out.

32. Emergency Party Organization g. Plugman: - Stands by the fire-plug for hose charging and securing under the direction of the scene leader. - Provides CO2 or PKP bottles to the scene as needed. - Wears an OBA when required.

33. Emergency Party Organization h. Rapid response Team: - Proceeds directly to the scene of the fire with portable extinguishers to attack the fire. - Does not dress out. Their job is to extinguish a small fire or to control a large fire to keep it from spreading further.

34. Emergency Party Organization • Investigators: - Constantly searching all surrounding / boundary areas for fire, damage, and personnel casualties. - Reports to the repair party leader or scene leader as appropriate, using the best means.

35. Emergency Party Organization j: Boundarymen - Cool decks and bulkheads with installed systems - Set fire boundaries as directed by the scene leader or investigator. - Remove/relocate flammables as required.

37. Emergency Party Organization m. Electrician: - Secures electrical power to and through the affected space when directed by the scene leader. - Secures or energizes ventilation as directed by the repair party leader.

38. Emergency Party Organization o. Gas Free Petty Officer: - Conducts atmospheric tests following desmoking to ensure the space is safe for personnel.

39. Fire Fighting Procedures When the fire is discovered: a. Spread the word b. On-Scene Leader proceeds to scene c. Rapid Response Team attempts to extinguish the fire d. Secure electrical power to the space

40. Fire Fighting Procedures e. Attack team dons firefighting gear and proceeds to the space f. Boundary men will set boundaries - Remove flammable liquids from adjacent spaces - Continually monitor decks and bulkheads for fire and heat - Cool decks and bulkheads if they become hot

41. Fire Fighting Procedures g. Investigators rove the perimeter of the fire, report the status of fire boundaries. h. OSL makes continuous reports to the repair party leader, who reports to the DCA. i. once fire is out, set a reflash watch j. Desmoking team will desmoke affected compartments

42. Fire Fighting Procedures k. Gas free Petty Officer conducts atmospheric tests to ensure compartment is safe DCA control the entire evolution from DC Central and advises the CO.

44. Flooding

45. Flooding Procedures The following procedures are general guidelines for controlling either flooding or progressive flooding: a. Attempt to secure the source of flooding b. Spread the word c. On-Scene Leader proceeds to scene d. Rapid Response Team attempts to Secure the source of flooding ( Watertight Compartmentation)

47. Flooding Procedures e. Secure electrical power to the space f. Installed eductors can be used on larger ships to provide a greater capacity to remove water g. Boundarymen will set flooding boundaries - Continually monitor decks and bulkheads for progressive flooding - Report any additional flooding

48. Flooding Procedures h. Investigators rove the perimeter of the flood, report the status of fire boundaries. i. OSL makes continuous reports to the repair party leader, who reports to the DCA. DCA controls the entire evolution from DC Central and advises the CO.

49. Classes of Fires 1. Class ALPHA Fires: - Characterized by any material that leaves an ash when burned - Fuels are mattresses, books, paper, wood, etc. - Generally produces white smoke Primary extinguishing agent: firefighting water