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Real-Time Radar Processing at the National Severe Storms Laboratory

Real-Time Radar Processing at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. Kurt D. Hondl NSSL Radar Research & Development Division Kurt.Hondl@noaa.gov. NMQ & WDSS-II. The result of 10+ years of research, application development, and operational testing at NSSL & NWS Forecast Offices.

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Real-Time Radar Processing at the National Severe Storms Laboratory

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  1. Real-Time Radar Processing at the National Severe Storms Laboratory Kurt D. Hondl NSSL Radar Research & Development Division Kurt.Hondl@noaa.gov

  2. NMQ & WDSS-II • The result of 10+ years of research, application development, and operational testing at NSSL & NWS Forecast Offices NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009 • What capabilities have been developed at NSSL that could support NOAA’s NextGen effort? • An integrated, real-time, multi-sensor platform to develop, test, and assess advanced techniques in quality control, data integration, application development (in severe weather and precipitation estimation), display, and short-term forecasting • A 3D/4D grid of radar (and other observations) and derived severe weather & precipitation estimation products 2

  3. NMQ: National mosaic and Multi-sensor QPE http://nmq.ou.edu • A suite of quantitative precipitation estimation algorithms • Uses multi-sensor observations • Products delivered to RFCs (AHIPS) and NWS FOs (FFMPA) for operational use • A 2-yr online archive a precipitation products NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009 3

  4. NMQ Precipitation Products • Reflectivity Products • Vertical Profile of Reflectivity, Bright-band Identification • Hybrid-Scan Reflectivity (VPR corrected) • Precipitation Products • 1-HR Precip, 3-HR, 6-HR, 12-HR, 24-HR, and 72-HR Precip • Radar only, Multi-Sensor, Radar with Gauge Bias Correction • Local Gauge Bias • Gauge-only Precip • Precipitation Verification • Comparison to Stage-II, Stage-III, Stage-IV, HADS, MPE • References Vasiloff, S., D.J., Seo, K. Howard, J. Zhang, D. H. Kitzmiller, M. G. Mullusky, W. F. Krajewski, E. A. Brandes, R. M. Rabin, D. S. Berkowitz, H. E. Brooks, J. A. McGinley, R. J. Kuligowski, and B. G. Brown., 2007: Q2: Next generation QPE and very short-term QPF. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc.  88, 1899-1911. NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  5. WDSS-II: Warning Decision Support System – Integrated Information http://wdssii.nssl.noaa.gov • A suite of data ingest and quality control processes • Severe weather algorithms and applications • Uses multi-sensor observations • Products delivered to NCEP (SPC and AWC) and NWS FOs (OUN,FTW,TUL), CAPS, ESRL, NCAR and Environment Canada for operational use • An archive of automated Hail Swath and Rotation Track information NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009 5

  6. WDSS-II Severe Weather Algorithms • 3D Reflectivity Mosaic • Automated QC Neural Network • VIL, EchoTop, Composite, Isotherms • Hail (Max Expected Size, Probability, Hail Swath) • Kmeans/Segmotion Nowcast, Storm Tracking • Storm Classification • 3D Velocity • Vortex Detection & Diagnosis Algorithm (from Azimuthal Shear) • Multi-Doppler Wind Analysis • Multi-Sensor Algorithms • Lightning (NLDN & LMA) • Near Storm Environment (from RUC numerical model analyses) • Satellite NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  7. NSSL 3D/4D Radar System • 3D Radar Merger product • Ingesting data from national network of WSR-88D radars • Grid resolution of 1km x 1km over the CONUS (6200km x 3000km x 20km) with 31 vertical levels • Data streaming in from multiple radars and go through an automated QC to remove non-precipitation echoes • Integrate with other meteorological data to generate algorithm products (satellite, RUC model analysis, etc) • 3D grid and products updated every 5 minutes • References • Lakshmanan, V., T. Smith, K. Hondl, G. Stumpf, A. Witt, 2006: A Real-Time, Three Dimensional, Rapidly Updating, Heterogeneous Radar Merger Technique for Reflectivity, Velocity and Derived Products. Weather and Forecasting, 21, 802-823. • Langston, C., J. Zhang, and K. Howard, 2007: Four-Dimensional Dynamic Radar Mosaic. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 776­790. • Zhang, J., K. Howard, and J.J. Gourley, 2005: Constructing three-dimensionalmultiple radar reflectivity mosaics: examples of convective storms and stratiform rain echoes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 30-42. NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  8. WSR-88D Radar Mosaicand Products • Generating 1-km CONUS products every 5-min • Requires ~22 servers to produce 1-km CONUS 3D radar observation grid every 5-min • Another ~10 servers to produce WDSS-II severe weather products and ingest multi-sensor data • Another ~16 servers to produce NMQ precipitation estimate products • Expanding Linux server farm to add capacity • Will eventually produce 0.5-km CONUS products every 2-min to take advantage of WSR-88D Super Resolution • Will be adding Dual Polarization algorithms/products as the WSR-88D network is upgraded NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  9. Canadian Radars TV Radars-KPIX CASA-KLWE TDWR-OKC Other Radars • Adding other radars to the 3D/4D radar observations grid will help fill-in coverage gaps not sampled by the WSR-88D or augment observations when maintenance or outages prevents WSR-88D observations. NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  10. NMQ/WDSS-II Domain ~150 WSR-88D 31 Canadian 2 TDWR 1 TV station radar NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  11. NMQ/WDSS-II Collaborators and Product Distribution NMQ/WDSSII Aviation, Severe weather Precipitation Products And Diagnostics NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009 11

  12. The entire NMQ/WDSS-II processing system is composed of 2 Quad-Core AMD Opteron Processors (2.9 GHz with 32GB RAM) Linux servers from a single manufacturer (HP); Servers and server drives can quickly be configured, maintained and swapped out; Running RedHat 64-bit OS; NMQ/WDSS-IIComputational Infrastructure NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  13. Ingest base level 2 data from 158 tri-agency (DOC, DOD, DOT) 10 cm WSR-88D radars Ingest base level data from 33 5-cm radars from Environmental Canada/NCDC Ingest base level data from two TDWRs using direct connections Ingest commercial radars in addition to experimental radar systems such as CASA and PAR System designed to accommodate increasing access to radar systems and radar networks Radar Data Ingest WSR-88D Canadian Radars TDWR NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  14. NMQ/WDSS-IIMosaic and Product Creation Radar Ingest WSR-88D 4D grids & products Precipitation Products Aviation NextGen Weather Products Severe Weather Products Canadian TDWR Multi-sensor Ingest Products are disseminated in NetCDF, binary, AWIPS, N-AWIPS, GIS, and HRAP formats using the LDM protocol. NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  15. NMQ/WDSS-IIMulti-Sensor Inputs NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009 • Ingest and process other sources of information to improve products • Radar data (as previously described) • Satellite • NWP data (RUC model) • Lightning (NLDN, LMA) • Surface Observations (ASOS, Mesonets) • Rain Gauge

  16. NMQ/WDSS-II NextGen Product Generation Current to 2012 2012 to 2016 NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  17. NMQ/WDSS-II NextGen Product Generation Current to 2012 2012 to 2016 NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  18. NMQ/WDSS-II NextGen Product Generation Current to 2012 2012 to 2016 NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  19. 4D Radar Mosaic Development Pathway • FY10: NCEP Implementation of CONUS 4D reflectivity mosaic and products • Severe weather and aviation related products per NextGen requirements • Resolution of 1.0-km x 2-min update cycle with 3D reflectivity mosaic 31 levels • Ingest includes commercial, Canadian radars and TDWRS for comparison • Evaluation of data quality concerns and attenuation at shorter wavelengths • Q2 precipitation type and rate products • FY11: Operational 0.5-km CONUS 4D reflectivity mosaics and products • Improved automated quality control methods for TDWR, Canadian and commercial radars • Initial 3D Mosaics for Hawaii / Alaska regions • Evaluating and advancing Dual-Pol algorithms specific to NextGen requirements • FY12: Dual Polarization 4D CONUS Mosaics prototype at NSSL • Initial 4D Dual Polarization Hydrometeor CONUS mosaic for model data assimilation • Advanced Dual polarizing quality control and hydrometer classification • FY13: Operational Dual Polarization 4D CONUS Mosaics at NCEP • Initial connections to Mexican & Caribbean radars NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  20. 4D Radar Mosaic Development Pathway • FY14: North America 4D Mosaics prototype at NSSL • Inclusion of additional gap filling radars in 4D Mosaic (Commercial, CASA) • Mexican & Caribbean radars in 4D Mosaic • FY15: Operational North America 4D Mosaics at NCEP • Integrate airborne radars (e.g. Hurricane observations) into the 4D radar cube • Developing strategies for 4-D radar mosaic of MPAR radar data • Initial radar 3D mosaics from European radar networks • Initial radar 3D mosaics from Asian radar networks • FY16: Hemispheric 4D reflectivity Mosaics prototype at NSSL • Prototype the utilization of airborne radars as node functions to autonomously exchange radar with surrounding aircraft and ground systems as well as into NCEP’s 4D dynamic mosaic • FY18: Hemispheric 4D Radar Mosaics at NCEP • Initial Northern Hemispheric radar mosaics • Initial hemispheric precipitation and storm type mosaic combining satellite and radar • FY20: Hemispheric 4D Radar Mosaics and Multi-sensor Aviation products at NCEP • Prototype combined surface, airborne, space radars observations • Initial inclusion of MPAR for 4D mosaics NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009

  21. CASA WSR88D Dual Polarization TDWR Network Caribbean Network WSR88D High Res WSR88D DoD L2 MPAR NMQ/WDSSII NextGen Future Research Activities Seamless Integration of Radar Advances, Systems, and Networks Canada Network Commercial Radars Mexico Network 1-km/5-min 1-km/2-min 500-m/2-min 500-m/1-min 250-m/1-min North America Resolution and Refresh Rate NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009 21

  22. NMQ/WDSS-II Summary NextGen System of Systems Workshop (Hondl / NSSL) 6-7 Oct 2009 • NSSL continues to facilitate the seamless, scientifically sound, high resolution integration of radar systems and networks into a 4D frame as the basis for NextGen radar authority • The experimental system serves as the foundation for other aviation research and product development • Completed the initial operational infusion at NCEP for model data assimilation and CONUS, high resolution multi sensor radar based products. • In FY10, NSSL will establish at NCEP a stand alone NextGen radar 4D cube as the foundation to facilitate radar derived products to meet FAA NextGen requirements.

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