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Measuring well-being across Europe

Cambridge Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Ageing A life course perspective. Measuring well-being across Europe. Felicia A Huppert Nic Marks Professor of Psychology head of centre for well-being Department of Psychiatry nef (new economics foundation)

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Measuring well-being across Europe

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  1. Cambridge InterdisciplinaryResearch Centre on Ageing A life course perspective Measuring well-being across Europe Felicia A Huppert Nic Marks Professor of Psychology head of centre for well-being Department of Psychiatry nef (new economics foundation) University of Cambridge London

  2. Methods of measurement Objective well-being – health, economic & social indicators Subjective well-being – psychological indicators Evaluative: global limited time frame Experiential: ‘on-line’ (ESM) recollected (DRM)

  3. Why is subjective well-being important for politics? Health impacts: Happy people live longer, healthier lives Enterprise impacts: Engagement, curiosity and purpose lead to entrepreneurship and creativity Citizenship impacts: Happy people are more generous, sociable and altruistic

  4. Do surveys already measure subjective well-being? • Single item measures • Domains of life satisfaction • “Quality of life” scales

  5. Towards national well-being accounts Diener and Seligman in their seminal 2004 paper “Beyond Money: toward an economy of well-being” called for: a national well-being index [to] be created that systematically assesses key well-being variables for representative samples, including positive and negative emotions, engagement, purpose and meaning, optimism and trust, and life satisfaction, as well as satisfaction with specific domains of life. This ESS module on “Personal and Social Well-being” represents the first systematic attempt to operationalise this idea – and it will happen across most of Europe.

  6. Aims of the Well-being Module To provide a set of indicators which will offer a detailed and systematic approach to the measurement and understanding of how individuals experience their lives. This will enable us to determine: How well-being varies across European nations The structural, social and individual factors associated with different levels or profiles of well-being A firm foundation for policies to enhance well-being

  7. Questionnaire Design Team Felicia Huppert - Team Leader Andrew Clark - France Nic Marks - UK Johannes Siegrist - Germany Alois Stutzer - Switzerland Joar Vittersø - Norway George Ploubidis assisted with psychometric analysis

  8. Stages in developing the well-being module Identifying key concepts Reviewing existing scales Conceptual framework Refining the items Negotiation

  9. Conceptual framework for the ESS Well-being Module

  10. Conceptual framework for the ESS Well-being Module

  11. Satisfaction questions in the ESS Well-being Module • How satisfied are you with how your life has turned out so far?   • How satisfied are you with your present standard of living? • All things considered, how satisfied are you with your present job?  • How satisfied are you with the balance between the time you spend on your paid work and the time you spend on others aspects of your life?

  12. Additional questions in the ESS Well-being Module • Amount of physical activity • Feelings about watching TV • Risk of unemployment • Income comparison

  13. ESS core items relevant to well-being

  14. Schwartz Value Inventory This scale assesses individual and social values in terms of 10 motivational types: power universalism achievement benevolence hedonism tradition stimulation conformity self-direction security

  15. Countries participating in ESS Round 3 Prepared by Chris Abbott - 2006

  16. Exploratory factor analysis of items selected for final well-being module

  17. How well does the model fit within sections? For each of the 4 theoretical constructs, 4 CFA fit indices were calculated: - CFI, TLI, RMSEA, WRMR - for pooled sample, Poland, Ireland, males, females Every index showed acceptable fit, and the majority showed optimal fit

  18. Factor structure of well-being items from the ESS pilot data (n=831)

  19. Country differences in % agreeingESS pilot data

  20. Perceived social progress in Poland and IrelandESS pilot data

  21. Refining well-being concepts and measures • Latent class analysis to identify groups with specific profiles of well-being • Item Response Theory (IRT) to evaluate the effective measurement range across the population from highest to lowest • Developing a concise measure of well-being for future research

  22. The Science of Well-being Editors: Felicia Huppert, Nick Baylis, Barry Keverne Book sections include: • Evolution and development • Physiology and neuroscience • Psychology of well-being • Cultural perspectives • Social and economic considerations

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