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Moses and Stephen Austin. Key Themes. Opportunity
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1. Texas and the American West Key period: 1821-1848
Migrations, Independence,
Annexation and War
3. Key Themes Opportunity optimism
New Challenges
Exposed Vulnerabilities
Texas in the context
of late 19th century
America
4. Setting the Stage
5. Mexican Reaction to TexasMigrations Initial immigration policy
Law of April 6, 1830
Slavery and the proclamation of 1829 (Texas exemption)
Texans grievances and exceptions
Growing cotton industry
Liberals (Federalists) vs. conservatives (Centralists)
6. Texas Independence
7. Sam Houston
8. The Republic of Texas1836-1845 Treaties of Velasco
Establishing a government:
Republicanism
Liberalism laissez-faire economics
Principles of the Texas Republic
General election September 1836
Sam Houston hero of San Jacinto, 1st
President
9. Early Challenges American recognition and the question of annexation
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Debt issues
Land policies headright contracts and empresario policies
Constitution of 1836
Struggling for legitimacy
10. Frontier Texas Lawlessnessand Native Americans Texas migrations a new start
Karankawas and Caddos decreasing populations
Battle of Neches Duwali and the Cherokees (July 1839)
Indian Removal the Trail of Tears (1838)
Council House Fight (1840)
Comanche Revenge Victoria, Linnville
11. Foreign Policy European recognition
Relationship with Mexico Vicente Crdova and Marlen Flores (and N.A tribes)
Tensions after Santa Fe Expedition
San Antonio captured (March 1842); impact on Tejanos Juan Segun
Mier Expedition (Xmas 1842)
Continued threats of Mexican attacks creating atmosphere of fear
12. Annexation to the United States President James Polk
John Tyler and expansionism
Opposition to annexation Free Soil Ideology, Free Soilers
Manifest Destiny John OSullivan
Key dates December 29, 1845
13. Manifest Destiny John OSullivan, New York newspaperman, 1840s, wrote: The American claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative self-government entrusted to us.
14. The Mexican War 1846-48 Border dispute Nueces or Rio Grande
John Slidell and diplomacy
General Zachary Taylor
Border skirmish (Thornton Affair) April 25th (delayed message to Washington)
Consequences
15. The Mexican War in Texas Polks war message (May 13, 1846) and Mexican expansion
Siege of Fort Texas
Key battles: Palo Alta and Resaca de la Palma
Military strategies
Buena Vista
16. Mexican War in the West California and the Bear Flag Rebellion
New Mexico Stephen Kearney (June 1846)
Why so easy?
Challenges of the northern frontier
The Mexican War in the context of American expansion and the spirit of an age the 1840s