THE IMPACT OF INTERACTIVE GAMING ON ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND AGILITY IN COLLEGE AGED STUDENTS

1. THE IMPACT OF INTERACTIVE GAMING ON ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND AGILITY IN COLLEGE AGED STUDENTS Alanna Roark

2. Introduction • Obesity in America • Health Risks Associated with Obesity • Negative Correlation bt PA and television viewing • Why is it important to exericse? • What are the recommended standards for exercise? • What has been done by video game designers to help combat obesity? • School systems involvement

3. Literature Review • Previous research • Length of testing session • Polar Heart Rate Monitors • Energy expenditure • Competition with game  motivation-  compliance rate • Agility Test • DDR used in Rehab-  in agility, balance, coordination • Energy Expenditure and Heart Rate • Directly linked

4. Purpose • To determine the whether or not the exercise intensity achieved while playing Dance Dance Revolution meets ACSM physical activity guidelines. • Does agility influence Dance Dance Revolution score?

5. Hypothesis • DDR will meet ACSM guidelines for Physical Activity • If the subject is jumping around, they will receive greater benefits • May not be as beneficial as Ultimate Frisbee • Agility will improve from pre to post test • From pre to post testing, agility will improve because of the greater mental awareness as well as warming up the muscles.

6. Methods • Subjects • 18 Male and Female College Students Ages 18-25 • Randomly chosen at all physical activity levels • Materials • Dance Dance Revolution SuperNova 2 • 20 Polar Team Heart Rate Monitors • Polar Precision Performance Software • Masking Tape • Protractor • Measuring Tape • Health o Meter Scale

7. Methods- cont. • Five test sessions/subject- 30 minutes long • 3 DDR- first was orientation to machine • 2 Ultimate Frisbee- Indoor • Subjects arrived in well hydrated state without consuming caffeine 4 hours prior to testing • Subject height, weight, birth date measured to enter into Polar software

8. Subjects wore a Polar Heart Rate monitor for testing • Hexagon Test performed pre and post each testing session • Subjects completed 30 minutes of continuous DDR • All songs <130bpm and same for each session • Subjects completed 2 Ultimate frisbee sessions = 30 minutes each

9. Sample DDR HR Data

10. Sample Ultimate HR Data

11. Sample DDR Data 2

12. Sample Ultimate HR Data 2

13. Statistical Analysis • Independent Variables • Dance Dance Revolution and Ultimate Frisbee • Dependent Variable • Agility Average HR • Score • Energy Expenditure • Average HR • Max HR • Agility with Pre and Post Tests • Statistical Tests • Dependent t-tests • Correlational Test • Alpha level set a priori p<0.05 • SPSS Software v.16.0

14. Get to know the subjects

16. Results Test 1,2,3- Pre to Post Hexagon Tests p=.000> α Significance Test 4- Hex2 pre/post U p=.002<α Significance

17. Results Test 5& 6 p=.000< α Significance

18. Results Test 7 &8 p=.000< α Significance

19. No correlation between pre testing Hexagon test scores and the actual achieved Dance Dance revolution score based on the accuracy of the player during game play. P= .872 and .346 which are both >α.

20. % Intensity Information • Avg. HR for DDR • 117bpm • Intensity of 59% = moderate • Avg HR Ultimate Frisbee • 159bpm • Intensity of 80% = vigorous

21. Conclusion • Hypothesis • Agility improvement- Supported • Caloric expenditure- Supported if played on most days of the week. • Teachers should use DDR for a significant amount of time to get better benefits and see improvement in the student’s abilities.

22. Limitations • Athlete or non-athlete • Exercise pre testing session • Nicotine use • Gender • Testing schedules- consistent order

23. Questions for Future Research • Is there a significant learning curve from DDR1 to DDR2? • Can using DDR for 6 or more weeks improve agility? • Do other interactive video games have the same effect? • Would the results be similar with middle school or high school students? • Record Resting HR and look at recovery response

24. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999). Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia. Retrieved September 26, 2008 from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/summ.htm. Boreham, C., & Riddoch, C. (2001). The physical activity, fitness and health of children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(12), 915-929. Dennison, B. A., & Edmunds, L. S. (2008). The role of television in childhood obesity. Progress in Pediatric Cardiology, 25(2), 191-197. Hexagonal Obstacle Test (Agility Test). (1997). Sports Coach. Retrieved on July 2, 2009. Available from http://www.brianmac.co.uk/hexagonal.htm. O'Hanlon, C. (2007). EAT Breakfast, DRINK Milk, PLAY Xbox. (Cover story). T H E Journal, 34(4), 34-39. Sell, K., Lillie, T., & Taylor, J. (2008). Energy Expenditure During Physically Interactive Video Game Playing in Male College Students With Different Playing Experience. Journal of American College Health, 56(5), 505-512. doi: Article. Swain, D. (2006). Moderate- or Vigorous- Intensity Exercise: What Should We Prescribe?. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 10(5), 2-3. Retrieved May 2009. Vandewater, E. A., Shim, M., & Caplovitz, A. G. (2004). Linking obesity and activity level with children's television and video game use. Journal of Adolescence, 27(1), 71-85. Warburton, D. E. R., Bredin, S. S. D., Horita, L. T. L., Zbogar, D., Scott, J. M., Esch, B. T. A., et al. (2007). The health benefits of interactive video game exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 32(4), 655-663. doi: 10.1139/H07- 038. Warburton, D. E. R., Sarkany, D., Johnson, M., Rhodes, R. E., Whitford, W., Esch, B. T. A., et al. (2009). Metabolic Requirements of Interactive Video Game Cycling. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(4), 920-926.

25. Questions?