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Climate

Climate. History of Energy Use. http://ourfiniteworld.com/2012/08/29/the-long-term-tie-between-energy-supply-population-and-the-economy/. Exponential growth in population, economy, and energy How can we sustain them, modify them, and live with the consequences?. Global Energy Trends.

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Climate

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  1. Climate

  2. History of Energy Use Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  3. http://ourfiniteworld.com/2012/08/29/the-long-term-tie-between-energy-supply-population-and-the-economy/http://ourfiniteworld.com/2012/08/29/the-long-term-tie-between-energy-supply-population-and-the-economy/ • Exponential growth in population, economy, and energy • How can we sustain them, modify them, and live with the consequences? Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  4. Global Energy Trends • Demand Growth: >2% per year • High dependence on fossil fuels • Inequitable distribution of energy use • Huge appetite in developing world Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  5. http://ourfiniteworld.com/2012/08/29/the-long-term-tie-between-energy-supply-population-and-the-economy/http://ourfiniteworld.com/2012/08/29/the-long-term-tie-between-energy-supply-population-and-the-economy/ Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  6. Emissions Indicators, 2010 (EIA)

  7. Which country emits the most CO2 to produce goods (GDP)? • US • Russia • India • China 20 Countdown

  8. U.S. Energy Use by Sector http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=9250

  9. US PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE AND SECTOR, 2011 (QUADRILLION BTU)

  10. Energy for Sustainability • Sustainability • Patterns of economic, environmental, and social progress that meet the needs of the present day without reducing the capacity to meet future needs. • Sustainable energy • Patterns of energy production and use that can support society’s present and future needs with least life-cycle economic, environmental, and social costs. Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  11. Climate Change • Global Climate Change Trends • Rising global emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases • Rising global concentration of CO2 • Rising global mean temperature • Retreating polar ice caps due to higher temperatures Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  12. http://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resource_center/23

  13. During what season does the vegetation on the earth release the most carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? • Spring-Summer • Fall-Winter 20 Energy for Sustainability (2008) Countdown

  14. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  15. Response to Global Warming • Mitigating climate change by reducing GHG emissions through technology, planning, and policy • Policy directions • Meetings of the UNFCCC • Kyoto protocol • (Cancun Agreement) • CCAC: Climate and Clean Air Coalition • Clean Energy Ministerial • European Union and other countries • U.S. states and cities • Adapting to climate change by • Lessening the impacts using technology and planning • Anticipating effects and modifying practices so that we can leave with those effects in the future

  16. “The Tragedy of the Commons” • If only one person limits overgrazing of sheep, no one will benefit and that one person is harmed—Garrett Hardin 1968, Ecology Professor UC Santa Barbara • Everyone must work together Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  17. Energy Efficiency and Conservation • Energy conversion efficiency – is the effectiveness of converting one form of input energy to another more useful form. If we can convert more useful energy out of a unit energy we are converting energy more efficiently • Energy functional efficiency – is the useful performance we can get out of the energy we consume. • Energy conservation – is defined as behavioral changes made by individuals or communities to save energy by cutting back on the functions energy provides. Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  18. Energy Intensity • Energy Intensity • Indicates how much a national economy is dependent on energy per unit of economic output or gross domestic product (GPD) • If energy efficiency is low therefore efficiency is high in that economy Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  19. Energy Consumption Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  20. Energy Efficiency Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  21. Main Points • Oil is a nonrenewable resource and production continues to increase to meet growing demand. • Scientific consensus that the global climate change forced by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions is occurring • Global consumption of energy continues to increase at 2% per year • Fossil fuels with their CO2 emissions and other environmental effects still provide more than 85% of our energy • Renewable energy contributes only to a small share of U.S. and global commercial energy\Energy efficiency improvements have helped reduce energy intensity of the economy Energy for Sustainability (2008)

  22. Energy Units Exojoule: 1018 joules http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/neep602/IMAGES/LEC4/table1.gif

  23. Units Conversion 1 barrel bbl = 42 gallons Globalsecurity.com

  24. Common Acronyms • CCS: Carbon Capture and Sequestration • CO2 • CO2e • DOE • DSM: Demand Side Management • Ei • EIA: Energy Information Administration • IEA: International Energy Agency • IPCC • RPS: Renewable Portfolio Standard • TPES: Total Primary Energy Supply • UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Energy for Sustainability (2008)

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