STRATUM:

1. STRATUM: Reporting & Interpretation

2. Define Objectives Install STRATUM Choose Use Existing Perform Full Perform Sample Inventory Inventory Method Inventory Inventory Format/ Draw Random Quality Check/ Sample Convert Data to Access Map Sample Import Access Database to STRATUM Install i-Tree Start STRATUM PDA (Desktop and Project Configure PDA Define Data Inputs Quality Check Report Results Collect Data Interpret Results Transfer Data to Desktop Community Forest Management Plan Generating & Interpreting Reports OR OR

3. Interpret Results Report Results Resource Structure Analysis Benefit Cost Analysis Community Forest Management Plan

4. Population Summary Species Distribution Relative Age Distribution Importance Values Condition Relative Performance Index (RPI) Stocking Level Maintenance Recommendation Maintenance Task Land Use Location Conflicts Canopy Cover Other Replacement Values Resource Structure Analysis: 15 Basic Reports

5. Annual Benefits Energy Stormwater Air Quality Carbon Dioxide Aesthetic/other All Management Costs Net Annual Benefits Benefit-Cost Analysis Reports

6. STRATUM Reports • Global Exports to Excel Spreadsheets • Can interface with graphs and change them • Manipulate data and select your own format type • Screen Prints to PDF, Word and RTF files • As viewed on screen - ready for reports, publications • Fixed formatting on some reports

7. 2. Select Resource Structural Analysis 1. Go to Report 3. Select Report Type – Population Generating Reports

8. Toggle Group Tree Tabs Search Zoom GoTo Page Page selection Report Format Selections Refresh screen (changing between report formats) Screen export Print shortcut Screen Tools for Viewing Reports

9. STRUCTURAL Reports

10. 1. Population Summary • Summaries or complete lists of inventoried species, their total numbers, numbers by Tree Type, numbers by default DBH size classes • Basic understanding of species frequency citywide, Management Zone, and DBH size classes

11. 2. Species Distribution • Species composition - 10 most prevalent species displayed in % of total numbers. • Understanding of species dominance in terms of tree numbers

12. 3. Relative Age Distribution • Tree age, relative to DBH size class for 10 prevalent species or by management zone. • Use to determine current mgmt. Needs and how needs change based on total numbers and aging of individual species. Ideal distribution has high proportion of new transplants to offset mortality, while % older trees declines with age.

13. 4. Importance Values • Mean of 3 relative values (% tree numbers, leaf area, canopy cover) for most prevalent species. • Suggest community’s reliance on functional capacity of particular species: • IV = 0 = no reliance • IV = 100 = total reliance

14. 5. Condition • Structural (woody) and functional (foliage) condition data for entire population and most prevalent species. • Indicates how well trees are managed and relative performance given site-specific conditions

15. 6. Relative Performance Index (RPI) • Indices based on weighted proportion of each street tree’s condition classification for all species. • Value > 1 indicates species having better condition ratings. • Value < 1 are species with below average condition ratings compared with other inventoried trees.

16. 7. Stocking Level • Stocking levels and available planting sites for small, medium and large trees as defined in Unmatched Non-tree Species Codes • Identify high priority planting areas, strategic plant purchasing and cost planning

17. 8. Maintenance Recommendation • Provides maintenance recommendation as defined in the Data Tree Inventory by Data Fields dialogue by species or DBH size class • Assists managers in understanding actual pruning and maintenance needs of the street trees • Assists in establishing programmed pruning

18. 9. Maintenance Task • Provides maintenance recommendation as defined in the Data Tree Inventory by Data Fields dialogue by species or DBH size class • Assists managers in understanding actual pruning and maintenance needs of the street trees • Assists in establishing programmed pruning

19. 10. Land Use • Land use associated with each population subset • Comparison with tree conflicts, maintenance recommendations and tasks for understanding problem planting sites for specific species

20. 11. Location • Tree locations associated with each population subset • Comparison with tree conflicts, conflicts, maintenance recommendations and tasks for understanding problem planting sites for specific species

21. 12. Conflicts – sidewalk heave • Sidewalk heave associated displayed by species, total numbers, or % of numbers • Understanding current and potential infrastructure related conflicts by species and Management Zone location

22. 12. Conflicts –utility wire • Overhead utility conflicts displayed by species, total numbers, or % of numbers • Understanding current and potential infrastructure related conflicts by species and Management Zone location

23. 13. Canopy Cover • CC over city land and street areas • Current vs. desired CC in city • Increased CC = increased benefits • Decrease pavement costs in some climate regions

24. 14. Other • 3 table formatted reports based on defined data fields unique to each city • Defined as % of total numbers • Davis example – Hazard Tree

25. 15. Replacement Value • Estimates the full cost of replacing trees • Based on inventoried condition • First order estimates (by DBH class & Zone)

26. Benefits & Costs • Are street trees worth the investment?

27. Benefit-Cost Reporting

28. Energy • Summer Savings • kWh • Winter Savings • Btu

29. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • 4 components: • Sequestered • Avoided • Decomposition • Maintenance

30. Air Quality • Deposition • O3 • NO2 • PM10 • SO2 • Avoided • NO2 • PM10 • VOCs • SO2 • BVOC emissions

31. Stormwater Interception • Net interception • Initial Abstraction

32. Aesthetic/Other • Property value increase • Aesthetics • Social • Psychological • Retail sales • Noise abatement

33. All Benefits • $ per tree • Total $

34. Management Costs • Annual Costs: • Internal program expenditures • External program expenditure

35. Benefit-Cost Summary • Annual • Benefits • Costs • BCR • $/capita • $/tree

36. Define Objectives Install STRATUM Choose Use Existing Perform Full Perform Sample Inventory Inventory Method Inventory Inventory Format/ Draw Random Quality Check/ Sample Convert Data to Access Map Sample Import Access Database to STRATUM Install i-Tree Start STRATUM PDA) (Desktop and Project Configure PDA Define Data Inputs Quality Check Report Results Collect Data Interpret Results Transfer Data to Desktop Community Forest Management Plan OR OR

37. Management Considerations • The average tree provides over $125 in annual benefits. • Davis’s street trees return $5 for every $1 spent on their management. Can Davis’s trees sustain this level of benefits?

38. Management Issues Needs to achieve: • Adequate structural complexity • Adequate canopy cover • Adequate pruning & maintenance

39. Structural Complexity Goal: • Achieve adequate structural complexity focused on long-term benefits How?: • Plant species that are well adapted and long-lived • Reduce over reliance on too few species • Rejuvenation of areas where even, old-aged stands predominate

40. Stable Canopy Cover Goal: • Maximize Canopy Cover to offset detrimental effects of hardscape How?: • Perpetuate current canopy cover • Selective removal and replacement where even, old-aged stands predominate • Promote additional coverage • Fill empty spaces • Plant large-stature trees where feasible • Select well adapted and long-lived species

41. Pruning & Maintenance • Improve young tree care • Adjust pruning cycle: 8 yrs to 4-5 yrs • Target species in the poorest health Goal: • Improve tree condition to increase benefits provided while reducing liability and long-term maintenance costs How?:

42. Conclusion • Davis has approx. 24,000 street trees. • Citywide, the publicly managed trees produce $3.1 million in annual benefits for a total cost of $560,000. • Continuing this level of benefits will take strategic program planning: • Adequate young tree care. • More frequent inspection and pruning. • Rejuvenating aging populations. • Planting areas void of trees.

43. STRATUM in Practice • Municipal BCA • Municipal Tree Resource Assessments/State of the Urban Forest • Community Forest Management Plans • City of Davis • Program Advocacy • City of N. Vancouver

44. Street Tree Resource Analysis/State of the Urban Forest Report • Executive Summary • The Tree Resource • Management Costs • Annual Benefits • Management Implications • Resource complexity • Resource extent • Maintenance needs • Appendices

45. Davis Community Forest Management Plan • Overview • Context: Existing Conditions • History of Tree Management • Administration and Management • State of the Community Forest • Community Forest Goals, Policies, Standards and Actions • Glossary • Appendices • http://www.cityofdavis.org/pcs/trees/cfmp.cfm

46. STRATUM & Street Tree Master Plans • Provide the best SERVICE possible • Most efficient use of resources • Maximize net benefits of trees • Increase customer Satisfaction • Cornerstone of compelling case for program funding

47. Level of Service Analysis • Quantifiable measures of capacity or work performed • Identify measures for each program area • Tree planting (% full stocking) • Young tree care (cycle) • Large tree care (cycle) • Hazard tree abatement (% dead or dying) • Administration ($/tree) • Compare Current LOS with Standard and Optimal LOS

48. Identify Funding Sources • Tree planting grants • Public awareness and volunteer training grants • Local measures • Assessment districts • Parcel tax • Other revenue sources • Carbon dioxide emission reduction credits • Shade tree programs for energy conservation • Stormwater management • Air pollution mitigation

49. Advocacy