1 / 22

Turning Point of the American Revolution

Turning Point of the American Revolution. British “Divide and Conquer” Battle Plan of 1777. Three-Pronged Attack!. WWW.EMERSONKENT.COM. Three-Pronged Attack!. St. Leger Arnold & Gansevoort. http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/families/hmgfm/images/gansevoort-peter-200.jpg.

ivan
Download Presentation

Turning Point of the American Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Turning Point of the American Revolution British “Divide and Conquer” Battle Plan of 1777

  2. Three-Pronged Attack!

  3. WWW.EMERSONKENT.COM

  4. Three-Pronged Attack!

  5. St. LegerArnold & Gansevoort http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/families/hmgfm/images/gansevoort-peter-200.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Benedict_arnold_illustration.jpg http://montgomery.nygenweb.net/johnson/07-02.jpg

  6. St. LegerArnold & Gansevoort 750 recruits and militia at Fort Stanwix Under somewhat of a siege from June to August Formal siege for 2 weeks by St. Leger, August 3rd • 473 British Regulars • 350 Hessians • 1000 Native Americans • Total = 1823 • Approximately 700 relief militia VS

  7. Three-Pronged Attack!

  8. BurgoyneGates http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/revgfx/morgan.jpg http://www.nygeo.org/burgoyne.jpg http://www.ftartgallery.net/images/pic%20-%200010-1.jpg Daniel Morgan Benedict Arnold http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Benedict_arnold_illustration.jpg

  9. Battle of Freeman’s Farm AmericansBurgoyne 14,000 men6,000 men Total Casualties: 350Total Casualties: 600

  10. Battle of Bemis Heights AmericansBurgoyne Casualties: 150Casualties: 400

  11. The dedication on the back reads: "Erected 1887 ByJOHN WATTS de PEYSTERBrev: Maj: Gen: S.N.Y.2nd V. Pres't Saratoga Mon'tAss't'n: In memory ofthe "most brilliant soldier" of theContinental Armywho was desperately woundedon this spot the sally port ofBORGOYNES GREAT WESTERN REDOUBT7th October, 1777winning for his countrymenthe decisive battle of theAmerican Revolutionand for himself the rank ofMajor General."

  12. Convention of Saratoga • Surrender of Burgoyne to Gates • “I have the pleasure of send you Honourable Council the inclosed copy of a convention…” • “Convention Army” http://images.rarenewspapers.com/ebayimgs/8.53.2012/image095.jpg

  13. Three-Pronged Attack!

  14. Howe’s March • Howe sends a plan to Lord George Germain on December 20, 1776 • Burgoyne sends a plan to Germain on February 28, 1777 (approved) • Howe sends revision of his first plan on March 3, 1777 (approved) • Germain believed that Howe’s plan could be completed in time for him to carry out his role in Burgoyne’s plan • Howe not fully informed of Burgoyne’s plan • Howe is more senior than Burgoyne

  15. On to Philadelphia • Why Philadelphia? • Largest city in English North America • Continental Congress location • Mild climate • Good harbor • Moved 17,000 men by ship • Campaign Plagued with Problems • Ship collisions, storms • Shortages of food, water, fodder • 28 days at sea • Destroyed horses by dropping them overboard • Landed in Maryland for a full week of foraging before marching on

  16. Battle of Brandywine Creek Howe 15,500 men 93 killed 488 wounded 6 missing Total casualties: 587 Washington 14,600 men 300 killed 600 wounded 400 captured Total casualties: 1300 Plus an estimated 350 deserted

  17. Into Philadelphia • September 26, 1777 • Howe did not achieve what he had hoped • Congress moved to York, Pennsylvania • Most of the military supplies had been removed • Heavy Loyalist support had not appeared • Could not count on local forage. • The loss of Philadelphia was a blow to American moral

  18. Battle of Germantown Washington 11,000 men 152 killed 521 wounded 438 captured Total Casualties: 1111 Howe 9,000 men 71 killed 448 wounded 14 missing Total Casualties: 533

  19. Three-Pronged Attack!

  20. What Happened Afterward? • Washington wintered in Valley Forge • Howe resigned and was replaced by Clinton • Upon return to England, criticized for actions in America • Demanded a formal Parliamentary inquiry—inconclusive • Remained somewhat active in the military, Parliament, local government

  21. What Happened Afterward? • Barry St. Leger • Stayed in Quebec until his death • Burgoyne went back to England in disgrace and never given a command again. • Demanded but never obtained a trial to defend his honor • The governorship of Fort William in Scotland, which he had held since 1769 was also taken away. • Continued as a notable playwright

  22. Valley forge • The British removed the supplies they could use from Valley Forge while foraging. • Destroyed or disabled the industrial buildings that could be of use to the American army. • According to papers filed by William Dewees the British had destroyed “a forge, saw mill, two large stone dwelling houses, two coal houses and 400 loads of coal, and 2,200 bushels of wheat and rye in the sheaf” • Also, problems with disease and breakdowns in the Continental supply system. • Starvation, disease, and exposure killed nearly 2,500 American soldiers

More Related