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Virtually meaningful or virtually meaningless?

Virtually meaningful or virtually meaningless?. Paula novo (UPM), aparna sridhar (LSE) and elena lopez-gunn (FMB-OBS) Istanbul 18 th March 2009. Outline. WF ´Onion´ layers Water & Environment Water & Equity Problems with Translating Virtual Water?. WF ‘Onion ’ Layers.

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Virtually meaningful or virtually meaningless?

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  1. Virtually meaningful or virtually meaningless? Paula novo (UPM), aparna sridhar (LSE) and elena lopez-gunn (FMB-OBS) Istanbul 18th March 2009

  2. Outline • WF ´Onion´ layers • Water & Environment • Water & Equity • Problems with Translating Virtual Water?

  3. WF ‘Onion’ Layers Roth and Warner (2008) Allan (2008 ) ???? Social & political 2009 FMB-OBS, Chapagain et al. (2006) Environmental 2007 Economic UPM-FMB Allan (1997), Hoekstra (2000), Chapagain and Hoekstra (2004), Yang et al. (2006), Zimmer and Renault (2002), etc. 1997 Hydrological

  4. Water & Environment • ´E´ water footprint- to consider at least two aspects: • Environmental flows ( & ´E´ water footprint ) • Example: Guadalquivir (Spain), South Africa • Water quality ( & ´Grey´ water footprint) • Example: • Brazil and Biofuels: quantity but not quality neutral Sugar Production in Brazil States in Brazil Source: Sridhar (2008) Bertrand et al (2006, 36) IBGE (2008)

  5. ‘Grey’ WF of Biofuels in Brazil • Hoekstra and Chapagain (2006) • Brazil’s WF to be 233.59 Gm3/year. • Sridhar (2008) • 7% of Brazil's total WF can be attributed to sugar cane ethanol production in São Paolo. • However, the WF of sugar cane ethanol, is predominantly ‘polluted water.’ • Degradation of water quality (<stock?) • Ethical and social questions particularly locally for the poorest? Other countries?

  6. Water & Equity • Social WF • Mixing apples with pears: • Aquifer 23 (Mancha Occidental, Spain): PEAG + Re-forestation • 10000 €/ha + 600 €/ha x 20 years -> Social Water Footprint? • ‘More jobs per (ill)legal drop’? • Myth of ‘social’ water neutrality (Roth and Warner, 2008) Number of farmers Irrigated land with water rights Source: Zorrilla (2009) Source: Zorrilla (2009)

  7. Water & ‘Translations’ • Meaning is dependent on context… • Can ‘translations’ have unintended consequences?

  8. Meaningful? Meaningless?

  9. WF ‘Onion’ Layers Hydrological Economic Environmental Social & Political

  10. The End Thank you for your attention!

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