8 Invertebrate Organisms

1. 8 Invertebrate Organisms 8Different Organisms Lab Protistsand Animals using the Microscopes

2. #1 = Brown Planaria Is this a multicellular animal or a single celled protista?

3. #1 = Brown Planarian • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Platyhelminthes • Class: Turbellaria • Order: Tricladida • Family: Planariidae

4. #1 = Planarians • Planaria are non-parasitic FLATWORMS which are BILATERAL • Planaria are common to many parts of the world, living in both saltwater (MARINE) and freshwater ponds and rivers.

5. #1 - Planarian • Some are TERRESTRIAL and are found on plants in humid areas. • These animals move by beating CILIA on the ventral dermis, allowing them to glide along on a film of mucus. • Some move by UNDULATIONS of the whole body by the contractions of MUSCLES built into the body wall.

6. #1- Planaria • They exhibit an extraordinary ability to REGENERATE lost body parts. For example, a planarian split lengthwise or crosswise will regenerate into two separate individuals. • The size ranges from 3 to 12 mm • Has two eye-spots (also known as ocelli) that can detect the intensity of light. The eye-spots act as photoreceptors and are used to move away from light sources = NEGATIVE PHOTOTAXIC

7. #1 -Planarian • Planaria have three GERM layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) • Acoelomate(i.e. they have a solid body with no body cavity). • Single-opening digestive tract • The most frequently used in class = brownish Dugesiatigrina.

8. Planarian Layers…

9. #1 - Planaria • Eats decaying meat! BUT are not parasites • Can be conditioned to respond to stimuli • Display the ability to master a two-choice maze • Can transfer the memory of training from one individual to another – not sure how…

10. #1 = Planarian’s inside…

11. #2 – Vinegar Eels • Do you think these are animals or protista?

12. #2 – Vingegar Eels • Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: NematodaClass: SecernenteaOrder: RhabditidaGenus: TurbatrixSpecies: T. aceti • Info from Wikipedia

13. #2 Vinegar Eels • Turbatrixaceti (Vinegar eels, Vinegar nematode) are free-living nematodes that feed on the microbial culture. • Can be in a low pH – very acidic environment of 1.5. As humans, we want to be in a neutral situation like 7. The scale for acids-bases goes from 1-14 and 1 is acidic 7 is neutral and 14 is basic

14. #2 = Vinegar Eels • Nematodes with Mouth and Anus

15. #2 Vinegar Eels • Roundworms are the lowest animals that have a complete digestive tract! They have both a mouth and an anus. The hydra only have one opening, the planaria only have one. These are complex!!! • Aerobic - so they need air • Vinegar will have these nematodes in it unless it is filtered and pasteurized.

16. Movie Clip of #2 Vinegar Eels

17. Click to see Video… • http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum/nematode/videos/nematode04df20x.mpg

18. #3 = Daphnia • Do you think this is an animal or a protista?

19. #3 - Daphnia • Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaSubphylum: CrustaceaClass: BranchiopodaOrder: CladoceraFamily: DaphniidaeGenus: DaphniaInformation from Wikipedia

20. #3 =Daphnia Magna • Typically called a “water flea” • These are actually crustaceans! • These belong to the arthropod phylum • Has gills, and two pairs of antennae • Major part of food chain • Need light but UV light hurts them

21. Daphnia Magna • Anatomy of water flea

22. #3 =Daphnia • Yummy inside a hydra’s tummy! • Hydra will eat the daphnia! • Remember: major food chain part

23. #4 - Hydra • Do you think the hydra is an animal or a protista?

24. # 4 - Hydra • Kingdom: AnimaliaSubkingdom: EumetazoaPhylum: CnidariaSubphylum: MedusozoaClass: HydrozoaSubclass: LeptolinaeOrder: AnthomedusaeSuborder: CapitataFamily: HydridaeGenus: Hydra

25. #4 -Hydra • Hydra are named after the nine-headed sea snake of Greek mythology and are freshwater relatives of corals, sea anemones and jellyfish. • All are members of a primitive phylum, the Cnidaria, and share in common stinging tentacles and a radially symmetrical body plan.

26. #4 - Hydra • The gut of cnidarians has only one opening and is termed the gastrovascular cavity. • Unlike more complex animals, cnidarians are designed around 2 sheets of tissue: the ECTODERM and the ENDODERM • The two are separated by a gelatinous partition named the mesoglea. This layer is greatly expanded in jellyfish, but is much reduced in hydra. 

27. #4 - Hydra • Like to eat Daphnia! • Coelenterata or a Cnidaria • Simplest animal with definite TISSUE! • Only has one opening = mouth = that leads to a gastrovascular cavity • The tentacles can Sting!!! There are nematocyst threads that harpoon food • Can be 25 mm in length • Move by somersaulting or sliding like an inchworm

28. #4 - Hydra • Can regenerate lost parts! Cut in half and the body will form into two complete animals in a few days • Form buds to reproduce asexually, see one here

29. HYDRA VIDEO! • CLICK HERE… • http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum/hydra/videos/hydra03ob.mpg http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum/hydra/videos/hydra03ob.mpg

30. #5 - Amoeba • Do you think that an Amoeba is an animal or a protista?

31. # 5 - Amoeba • Domain: EukaryotaKingdom: AmoebozoaPhylum: TubulineaOrder: TubulinidaFamily: AmoebidaeGenus: Amoeba

32. #5 = Amoeba proteous • Simple, Unicellular, no distinct shape • If you cut it apart, the cell portion with the nucleus will regrow, the other part will die. • If you cut the nucleus = death

33. #5 Amoeba Anatomy

34. #5 Amoeba • Has pseudopods which are used to capture prey (pseudo = false & pod = foot) • They simply engulf their food. They can detect the kind of prey and use different 'engulfing tactics‘ = ways to eat…

35. Engulfing = EATING!!!

36. #6 Rotifers • Do you think these are animals or protista?

37. #6 - Rotifers • Domain: EukaryaKingdom: AnimaliaSubkingdom: EumetazoaSuperphylum: PlatyzoaPhylum: Rotifera

38. #6 Rotifers • These are in the ANIMAL KINGDOM • Has a false body cavity

39. #6 – Rotifers • Most rotifers are around 0.1-0.5 mm long, and are common in freshwater environments throughout the world with a few saltwater species. TINY!!! • Some rotifers are free swimming, others move by inchworming along • Some are SESSILE (anchored, still, not moving around) living inside tubes or gel-like areas • About 25 species are COLONIAL– form into group

40. #6 Rotifers

41. Rotifers Rotifers – shapes and pictures of their jaws

42. #7= Aeolosoma • Do you think these are animals or do you think they are protista?

43. #7 = Aeolosoma See the bristles on the body?

44. #7 - Aeolosoma • Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: AnnelidaClass: OligochaetaOrder: ClitellataFamily: TubificidaeSubfamily: NaidinaeGenus: Chaetogaster

45. #7- Aeolosomas • http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum/annelida/aeolosomas/index.html • Check out that link to see videos!!! • Check for the bristles on the worm.

46. #7 - Worms are animals! • These are worms so they are animals, in case you didn’t notice…

47. #8- Paramecium • These look like worms but they are super small and they are single cells… • So, are they animals or protists?

48. #8 – Paramecium • Domain: EukaryotaKingdom: ProtistaPhylum: CiliophoraClass: CiliateaOrder: PeniculidaFamily: ParameciidaeGenus: Paramecia

49. #8Paramecium • Unicellular ciliate protozoa • Formerly known as “slipper animalcules” from their slipper shape • Simple cilia cover the body, which allow the cell to move like a caterpillar. There is also a deep oral groove containing inconspicuous compound oral cilia used to draw food inside. They generally feed on bacteria and other small cells.

50. #8- Paramecium • Osmoregulation is carried out by a pair of contractile vacuoles which actively expel water absorbed by osmosis from their surroundings. • Paramecia are widespread in freshwater environments, and are especially common in scums. • Paramecia are attracted by acidic conditions.