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Fungal disease of marine fish • Fungi, opportunistic, weak pathogen • Pathogenic, when stressful & reduce defence

Fungal disease of marine fish • Fungi, opportunistic, weak pathogen • Pathogenic, when stressful & reduce defences • Uncommon in estuarine & marine ecosystem • Pathogenic fungi, Ichthyophonus , ulcerative syndrome, redspot disease/epizootic ulcerative syndrome.

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Fungal disease of marine fish • Fungi, opportunistic, weak pathogen • Pathogenic, when stressful & reduce defence

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  1. Fungal disease of marine fish • Fungi, opportunistic, weak pathogen • Pathogenic, when stressful & reduce defences • Uncommon in estuarine & marine ecosystem • Pathogenic fungi, Ichthyophonus, ulcerative syndrome, redspot disease/epizootic ulcerative syndrome

  2. 1. Ichthyophonus • Fungus-like, systemic infection, cold water • Pathology depend host, dosage, species fungus • Gross signs, loss equilibrium, abnormal pig- mentation,abdominal distention, muscle athrophy, spinal curvature, roughening skin, ulcers • Internal, white nodule escp vascular organ (kidney,heart,spleen,liver),hyperpigmentation

  3. • Muscle liquefaction seen in acute cases • Early stage mononuclear infiltrate, chronic form chronic inflamatory • Obligate pathogen, transmission by feeding spore, water-borne, amoeboid penetrate mucosa, entering bloodstream 2. Ulcerative mycosis • Very deep penetrating lesion, commonly perforate body wall

  4. • Lesion infected by bacteria & protozoa • High mortality, systemic bacterial infection • Lesion, UM begin as skin infection under- lying muscle & viscera • Skin lesion, up to 5 mm, red-yellow foci, mononuclear infiltrate • Fungal infection, near skin surface, invasion underlying muscle • Large ulcers, fungal hyphae, bacteria, necrotic muscle

  5. • Fungi in UM lesion, Aphanomyces, Saprolegnia • Saprolegniaceous common in freshwater, form fuzzy, cottony growth on skin 3. Redspot disease/ epizootic ulcerative syndrome • 1980 EUS reported from Malaysia from frsh water fish-estuarine fish • Caused deep skin ulcers, inflamatory • Lesion began on skin surface, deep ulcers

  6. • Early stages, epithelial edema, loss surface epithelium, dermal edema with hyperemia & hemorrhage • Vibrio the initiator of RSD later digenean trematode Miscellaneous pathogens • from marine to freshwater-- classical oomycete skin infection-- superficial foci of cottony hyphae • salmonids, oomycete epidemics associated

  7. • with ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) • necrosis consist of oomycete Saproglenia diclina-parasitica • Exophiala responsible in net cage salmon • other fungal disease, Aureobasidium in stingray, Sarcinomyces in black seabream, Cladosporium in cod, Fusarium in trigger fish and bonnethead shark

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