Fracturing the Future?

1. Fracturing the Future? Lance Chilton, MD. FAAP Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics University of New Mexico December 6, 2018 From Chilton, Chilton, Arango, Dudley, Neary, Stelzner: New Mexico, A New Guide to the Colorful State, UNM Press, 1984

3. Community Effects of Oil and Gas Extraction Adgate et al. Potential Public Health Hazards, Exposures and Health Effects from Unconventional Natural Gas Development. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 8307−8320

4. Positive and Negative Community Effects of Fracking • Economic effects • Psychosocial effects • Accidents and injuries • Air pollution • Water pollution

5. Is population growth good? Is population loss good? • The top 5 areas in 2016 with the greatest population growth since 2010 were Sunland Park city (15.6%), Hobbs city (11.9%), Carlsbad city (10.4%), Bernalillo town (10.3%), and Rio Rancho city (9.2%). • The 5 areas in 2016 with the greatest population decline since 2010 were Eagle Nest village (-11.4%), Cimarron village (-11.6%), Aztec city (-11.9%), Kirtland town (-12.1%), and Bloomfield city (-12.7%). UNM Bureau of Business and Economic Research, May 25, 2017

6. Views of Carlsbad

7. Traffic, Social Disruption Carlsbad Current-Argus, June 22, 2017

8. Petroleum Extraction or Radioactive Wastes?

11. Gas and Oil Extraction in New Mexico

12. 12.4 million Americans live within a half mile of an active oil or gas well, compressor or processor

13. Air pollutants associated with oil and gas operations MOMS CLEAN AIR FORCE | FACE TO FACE WITH OIL AND GAS

14. Chemicals Used in Fracking

15. Risk of Cancer Due to Oil and Gas Air Pollution, Especially Due to Benzene

16. Methane’s effects Although burning natural gas emits half the carbon dioxide as burning coal in power plants, the process of getting oil and gas out of the ground to market creates methane pollution. Methane, the main component of natural gas, is more than 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide over a twenty-year time frame. In addition, leaking methane comes packaged with other harmful pollutants that impact the health of those who live, work, learn and play nearby. Urp! Excuse me!

17. Ultimately, children serve as sentinels for adverse health outcomes in the general population. They are the proverbial canaries in the coal mine.

18. Ozone smog and child health effects • Nationally, there are more than 750,000 summertime asthma attacks in children under the age of 18 due to ozone smog resulting from oil and gas pollution. • Each summer, there are more than 2,000 asthma-related emergency room visits and over 600 respiratory related hospital admissions nationally due to ozone smog resulting from oil and gas pollution. • Children miss 500,000 days of school nationally each year due to ozone smog resulting from oil and gas pollution. • Each year, adults must deal with 1.5 million days when they are forced to reduce activity or rest due to high ozone smog levels resulting from oil and gas pollution.

19. Do Oil and Gas Production Cause Asthma? Maps thanks to Tom Scharmen, M.P.H.

20. Climate change poses a vast array of … major threats to global public health, increasing extreme weather events like storm surges and wildfires, increasing the spread of vector-borne disease, making mass migration and civil unrest more likely, and threatening the stability of the global food supply.

21. Point and Counterpoint The oil industry has argued that new regulations [were] not needed for methane, because the industry already has a financial incentive to capture and sell natural gas. Methane emissions have been reduced by 21 percent since 1990 even as production has boomed, according to the Western Energy Alliance, an industry group. Erik Milito, director of exploration and production with the American Petroleum Institute, an industry lobby group that opposed the rule, said if left in place the regulations would have discouraged new energy development. “The B.L.M. rule could have taken a lot of wells out of service, which is counter to what we’re trying to achieve here by making our country more self-reliant and less dependent on foreign sources,” he said. Obama’s Sec. of Interior Sally Jewell said the new rule [2016; would have] modernize[d] decades-old standards to reflect existing technologies, allowing companies to use captured natural gas to generate power for millions of homes and businesses. Between 2009 and 2014, enough natural gas was lost through venting, flaring and leaks to power more than 5 million homes for a year, she said. The new rule also should [have] generate[d] millions of dollars that can be [could have been] returned to taxpayers, tribes and states while reducing pollution, Jewell said.

22. We Do More than Our Share to Flare ** * *ktCO2e = kilotons of carbon dioxide equivalents **Upstream=at production site, Downstream=at refineries, Industrial=everything else

23. Policies that reduce pollution from the oil and gas industry can help protect the health of local communities while addressing global climate change. Opportunities: • Finding and fixing leaks • Eliminating or minimizing equipment venting • Capturing gas and minimizing flaring

24. In Summary… The Good • Economic opportunities • Jobs • Tax revenues The UGLY CLIMATE CHANGE The Bad • Traffic and social disruption • Accidental injury and death • Asthma and other respiratory disease • Cancer • Reproductive effects • Neurobehav-ioral disorders So, don’t kill the goose that lays the golden eggs, but REGULATE IT!