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FILSAN / PHOSPHORUS POST-EMERGNECY INTERVENTIONS IN THE DRY LAND FARMING OF THE BAY REGION-SOMALIA

FILSAN / PHOSPHORUS POST-EMERGNECY INTERVENTIONS IN THE DRY LAND FARMING OF THE BAY REGION-SOMALIA. Presented at the Regional Workshop on Dryland Farming Practices in Emergency and Post-Emergency Context October 1-2, 08 Nairobi, Kenya HUSSEIN HAJI. OVERVIEW. Introduction

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FILSAN / PHOSPHORUS POST-EMERGNECY INTERVENTIONS IN THE DRY LAND FARMING OF THE BAY REGION-SOMALIA

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  1. FILSAN / PHOSPHORUS POST-EMERGNECY INTERVENTIONS IN THE DRY LAND FARMING OF THE BAY REGION-SOMALIA Presented at the Regional Workshop on Dryland Farming Practices in Emergency and Post-Emergency Context October 1-2, 08 Nairobi, Kenya HUSSEIN HAJI

  2. OVERVIEW • Introduction • Bay region (population, crops, cropping systems, rainfall) • Pre-emergency research findings on: • Filsan mungbean • Phosphorous • Post-emergency interventions • Filsan mungbean • Phosphorous

  3. Introduction • Human population 400,000 • 45% farmers • 33% nomadic • 20% non agricultural • Animal population 1.1M • 29% camels • 34% cattle • 33% goats • 04% sheep

  4. Introduction • Crops • Sorghum 95% • Grain - human consumption • Stover – Livestock consumption • Other Crops 5% • Cowpeas, mungbeans and peanuts

  5. Introduction • Arid to semi arid • Annual rainfall 500-700mm-Bimodal • GU: 250-350mm • Der: 200 –250mm • 80% of the grain is produced during the Gu season • Average temperature 26oC mm 25 yrs

  6. Introduction • Subsistence farming • Farm size 1-8 ha • Monocropping system • Inputs • Seed • Labor • Grain Yield (sorghum) 300-800 kg/ha

  7. PRE-EMERGENCY RESEARCH FINDINGS 1970 1980 1990 00 08 Research and Academic inst. BIG BANG Somtux • Filsan seed release • Phosphorus Emergency and post Emergency context

  8. I- FILSAN SEED: PRE-EMERGENCY RESEARCH RESULTS (1981-1996)

  9. Pre-emergency (1981-1986) Seeds/pod Days to maturity

  10. Pre-emergency (1981-1986) 1000 Seed wt. Yield (kg/ha)

  11. Pre-emergency (1981-1986) • Filsan seed was recommended for release in 1987 • Filsan seed multiplication was initiated in 1988 and 1989 • Civil war 1990 • Filsan seed along with all other institutional memories were vanished

  12. I- FILSAN SEED: POST-EMERGENCY INTERVENTIONS (2003-2006)

  13. Filsan: Post-emergency recovery • 2002- Breeders Seed (FILSAN) was obtained from AVRDC-Taiwan • 2002 & 2003 seed increased in Minnesota • March 2004-11kg of seed shipped to ICRISAT-Kenya for further seed increase • 2005, 110 kg Filsan seed produced with the help of ICRISAT-Nairobi

  14. Post-emergency recovery 110 kg Filsan seed repatriated To Somalia and distributed to farmers by SAGRA

  15. Post-emergency recovery

  16. LIMITATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES I-Limitation • Lack of institutional support for • Evaluation of new potential varieties • Technology transfer support services • Seed support institutions • Small-scale seed multiplication, distribution and marketing systems • Human resources development II-Opportunities • Emergence of new support services • INGO and local NGO

  17. II- PHOSPHOROUS: PRE-EMERGENCY RESEARCH RESULTS (1981-1996)

  18. Pre-emergency: Response to P 91% Gu1986-Sorghum a 58% a b b Grain Yield (kg/ha) b N+P = 50N + 17.5P; N+P = 100N + 35P

  19. Pre-emergency: Response to P a 424% Gu1987-Sorghum 147% c Grain Yield (kg/ha) d d d

  20. Pre-emergency: Response to Animal Manure Gu1987-Sorghum a a ab b c Grain Yield (kg/ha) c T1=5T/ha Camel T2=5T/ha Goat T3=5T/ha Cattle T4= 10T/ha Goat T5=10T/ha Cattle

  21. Pre-emergency: Response to Animal Manure Gu1986-Sorghum a a a b Grain Yield (kg/ha) b b T1=5T/ha Camel T2=5T/ha Goat T3=5T/ha Cattle T4= 10T/ha Goat T5=10T/ha Cattle

  22. Response to P on Filsan mungbean

  23. Similar Experience in the Sahelian Region • 44 to 120% yield increase for sorghum and millet Reported by ICRISAT

  24. Why P is not available to plants in the Bay Region soils? High soil pH 8.0 to 8.3

  25. The soil pH range at which maximum P availability occurs is between 6.0 and 7.0 In the Bay Region, the soils are alkaline and have a pH ranging from of 8.0 to 8.5 Soils with a pH of 7.5 and higher typically have a high calcium concentration that binds P as calcium-phosphate creating an insoluble compound that is not available to plants Therefore, it is necessary to amend agricultural soils in the Bay Region with available forms of P at the correct agronomic rate Why P is not available to plants in the Bay Region soils?

  26. Relationship between soil PH and Phosphorous availability

  27. RECOMMENDATION Would P-Aid be a potential solution? • It is an established fact that P is a yield limiting factor in the Bay Region • The data clearly show that P-application can double/triple yield • P application establishes a good root system which is important for the dryland crops. • SATG is seriously considering to develop a concept note where food aid is gradually replaced with P-Aid in the Bay Region

  28. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

  29. THANK YOU

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