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REVERSE ENGINEERING OF LOCAL INTERNATIONAL SURVEYS ON CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Background. Several studies and surveys showing the Philippines as one of the most corrupt countries have been many times over quoted in media. These reports have painted the image of a graft-ridden country and a government seemingly powerless over corruptionThe most prominent of these agencies wh

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REVERSE ENGINEERING OF LOCAL INTERNATIONAL SURVEYS ON CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

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    1. REVERSE ENGINEERING OF LOCAL & INTERNATIONAL SURVEYS ON CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES A Project funded under the Transparent Accountable Governance (TAG) Project of The Asia Foundation with support from the United States Agency for International Development April to June, 2006

    2. Background Several studies and surveys showing the Philippines as one of the most corrupt countries have been many times over quoted in media. These reports have painted the image of a graft-ridden country and a government seemingly powerless over corruption The most prominent of these agencies which regularly conducts studies on corruption in the Philippines are: Social Weather Stations, Inc. Pulse Asia, Inc. Ibon Foundation, Inc. Makati Business Club Political Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) Ltd. Transparency International (TI)

    3. Rationale There is a need to review current studies and surveys being conducted measuring corruption in the Philippines. It would be important to know what their methodologies are, who their key respondents are, how they gather the data and how they analyze their data sets. It would be pertinent to mine the data generated by these studies and surveys. The information culled will aid both government and non-government agencies in zeroing in its efforts to address corruption on segments of the population most sensitive to this issue. It will give better directions as to where concentrated efforts to curb corruption are vital. It will pro-actively identify factors affecting perceptions of corruption and facets of corruption in the country and serve as a beacon to anti-corruption efforts.

    4. Methods Used Gathering of materials, reports, raw data (both soft and hard copies if made accessible) from these respective institutions: Social Weather Stations (SWS) Pulse Asia Inc. IBON Foundation, Inc. Makati Business Club (MBC) Political Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) Transparency International (TI)

    5. Methods Used (continued) Data gathering on what’s available on the internet. The following websites were sources of many materials: www.sws.org.ph/ www.pulseasia.com.ph/ www.ibon.org/ www.mbc.com.ph/ www.asiarisk.com/ ww1.transparency.org/ www.transparency.ph/

    6. Methods Used (continued) In-depth interviews with the following key informants: Mr. Robert Broadfoot, PERC Managing Director Judge Dolores Espanol, Transparency Intl RP Chapter Mr. Antonio Tujan Jr., Ibon Foundation, Inc. Ms. Rosario Bella Guzman, Ibon Foundation, Inc. Executive Director Mr. Edward Gacusana, MBC Sr. Research Associate & CAC Proj. Coordinator Mr. Michael Mundo, MBC Sr. Research Associate & Chief Economist Ms. Linda Luz Guerrero, SWS VP & Chief Operating Officer Mr. Jay Sandoval, SWS Director of Sampling, Processing & Data Archiving Group Ms. Germie Caron, SWS Field Specialist Mr. Jojo Carlom, Pulse Asia Statistics Supervisor Ms. Zon Langrio, TNS-Trends Field Director Mr. Angel Almojuela, Asia Research Organization (ARO) President

    7. Methods Used (continued) Review of written reports SWS Survey of Enterprises Pulse Asia Ulat ng Bayan visuals PERC reports Transparency International reports Further statistical analysis of raw data made available by: SWS and Pulse Asia

    8. Caveat In the course of talking with key informants from these various research institutions, some have expressed plans to further modify and make improvements in their methodologies Since the review of the surveys included in the study was from April to June 2006, any changes and improvements made by the various research institutions in their methods of data gathering data processing and data analysis after this period cannot be reflected here The study does not intend to conclude which survey is more superior than others; rather it intends to give illumination on how these surveys are done and how the survey data can help in further advancing means of curbing corruption

    10. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults

    11. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Methods

    12. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Methods (continued)

    13. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Methods (continued)

    14. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Methods (continued)

    15. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Methods (continued)

    16. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Methods (continued)

    17. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Data Gathered

    18. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Data Gathered (continued)

    19. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Data Gathered (continued)

    20. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Statistical Tools Used

    21. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Highlights of Findings

    22. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Highlights of Findings (continued)

    23. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Highlights of Findings (continued)

    24. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Highlights of Findings (continued)

    25. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Public Dissemination

    26. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Comments on SWS Methods

    27. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Comments on Pulse Asia Methods

    28. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Comments on IBON Survey Methods

    29. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Voting-Age Adults: Comments on TI Surveys conducted by ARO

    30. Generalizations on the validity of the surveys

    31. Insights from Data Results

    33. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates

    34. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates

    35. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates

    36. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates

    37. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates

    38. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Methods

    39. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Methods (continued)

    40. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Methods (continued)

    41. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Methods (continued)

    42. Surveys on Corruption among Businessmen or Expatriates: Methods (continued)

    43. Surveys on Corruption among Businessmen or Expatriates: Methods (continued)

    44. Surveys on Corruption among Businessmen or Expatriates: Methods (continued)

    45. Surveys on Corruption among Businessmen or Expatriates: Data Gathered (continued)

    46. Surveys on Corruption among Businessmen or Expatriates: Data Gathered (continued)

    47. Surveys on Corruption among Businessmen or Expatriates: Data Gathered (continued)

    48. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Data Gathered (continued)

    49. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Statistical Tools Used

    50. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Highlights of Findings

    51. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Highlights of Findings

    52. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Highlights of Findings

    53. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Public Dissemination

    54. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Comments on SWS Methods

    55. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Comments on MBC Methods

    56. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Comments on PERC Methods

    57. Surveys on Corruption conducted among Businessmen or Expatriates: Comments on TI-Phil. Methods

    58. Generalizations on the validity of the surveys

    59. Insights from Data Results

    61. Background

    62. Background (continued)

    63. What is the National Integrity System

    64. TI-Philippines: Goals of the NIS Project

    65. TI-Philippines: Project Activities

    66. TI-Philippines: Methods Used

    67. Comments on the TI-Philippines’ Method for the NIS Study

    69. Suggestions TO GOVERNMENT

    70. Suggestions TO GOVERNMENT

    71. Suggestions to the PRIVATE/BUSINESS SECTOR

    72. Suggestions to SURVEY RESEARCH COMPANIES

    73. Suggestions to MEDIA

    74. Suggestions to CIVIL SOCIETY

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