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CAST 301 Risk Factors and Protective Factors

CAST 301 Risk Factors and Protective Factors. Davies, D. (2004). Child Development Chapter 3 appendix, risk factors. Child Risk Factors. Prematurity, birth anomalies Exposure to toxins in utero Chronic or serious illness Temperament : difficult or slow to warm up

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CAST 301 Risk Factors and Protective Factors

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  1. CAST 301Risk Factors and Protective Factors Davies, D. (2004). Child Development Chapter 3 appendix, risk factors

  2. Child Risk Factors • Prematurity, birth anomalies • Exposure to toxins in utero • Chronic or serious illness • Temperament: difficult or slow to warm up • Developmental/Cognitive disabilities/low intelligence • Antisocial peer group

  3. Parental/Family Risk Factors • Insecure attachment • Parent: insecure adult attachment pattern • Single parenthood with little support • Harsh parenting, maltreatment • Family disorganization: low parental monitoring • Social isolation, lack of support • Domestic violence • High parental conflict • Separation/divorce, especially conflictual divorce • Parental psychopathology • Parental substance abuse • Parental illness • Death of a parent or sibling • Foster care placement

  4. Social/Environmental Risk Factors • Poverty • Lack of access to medical care, health insurance and social services • Parental unemployment • Homelessness • Inadequate child care • Exposure to racism, discrimination • Poor schools • Frequent change of residence and schools • Exposure to environmental toxins • Dangerous neightborhood • Community violence • Exposure to media violence

  5. Child Protective Factors • Good health • Personality factors: easy temperament, positive disposition, active coping style, positive self-esteerm. Good social skills, internal locus of control, balance between help seeking and autonomy • Above average intelligence • History of adequate development • Hobbies and interests • Good peer relationships

  6. Parental/Family Protective Factors • Secure attachment; positive and warm parent-child relationship • Parent: secure adult attachment pattern • Parents support child in times of stress • Household rules and structure: parental monitoring of child • Support/involvement of extended family, including help with caregiving • Stable relationship between parents • Parents model competence and good coping skills • Family expectations of prosocial behavior • High parental education

  7. Social/Environmental Protective Factors • Middle-class or above socioeconomic status • Access to health care and social services • Consistent parental employment • Adequate housing • Family religious faith and participation • Good schools • Supportive adults outside family who serve as role models/ mentors to child

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