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Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Treatment of Bacterial Diseases. Drugs used to treat bacterial diseases are grouped into categories based on their modes of action. Treatment of Bacterial Diseases. Penicillins and cephalosporins Interfere with certain layers of the bacteria’s cell wall

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Treatment of Infectious Diseases

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  1. Treatment of Infectious Diseases

  2. Treatment of Bacterial Diseases • Drugs used to treat bacterial diseases are grouped into categories based on their modes of action

  3. Treatment of Bacterial Diseases • Penicillins and cephalosporins • Interfere with certain layers of the bacteria’s cell wall • Do not affect the host cells

  4. Treatment of Bacterial Diseases • Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines, and Erythromycins • Bind to bacteria cell ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis • May be toxic to human tissue when used in high doses or for prolonged periods of time

  5. Treatment of Bacterial Diseases • Rifampin • Used to treat tuberculosis • Inhibits RNA synthesis

  6. Treatment of Viral Diseases Drugs that effectively inhibit viral infections are highly toxic to host cells because viruses use the host’s metabolic enzymes in reproduction

  7. Treatment of Viral Diseases • Antiviral drugs target virus-specific enzymes • Acyclovir Used in treatment of genital herpes

  8. Treatment of Viral Diseases • Amantadine • Used to prevent or moderate influenza (flu) for those at high risk of severe illness • AZT • Inhibits replication of HIV genome

  9. Treatment of Fungal and Parasitic Diseases Development of drugs used treat fungi, protozoan, and helminthic diseases are also highly toxic to mammals

  10. Treatment of Fungal and Parasitic Diseases • AzolDerivitives • Antifungal • Inhibit sterol synthesis • Sterols are organic compounds that make up cell walls

  11. Treatment of Fungal and Parasitic Diseases • Amphotericin B • Antifungal also • Disrupts cell membrane

  12. Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents Antimicrobial resistance presents ongoing problems in the fight against infectious diseases

  13. Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents • Penicillin resistance noted as early as 1943 by Alexander Fleming (the discover of penicillin) • He warned that indiscriminate use of penicillin would lead to resistant pathogenic bacteria

  14. Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) Some strains are resistant to all of the currently available drugs used for treatment

  15. Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents Is a result of changes in genetic information Resistance mechanism include: 1. Causes structural changes that inhibit the drug’s ability to bind to it 2. Reduces permeability of the cell membrane to the drug 3. Actively pumps the drug out of the cell after it has entered it

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