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Cosolvent Flushing and Enhanced Bioremediation at a Dry Cleaner Site

By Michael D. Annable Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences. Cosolvent Flushing and Enhanced Bioremediation at a Dry Cleaner Site. 1. Project Team University of Florida Mike Annable, James Jawitz, Mike Brooks Suresh Rao, Irene Poyer (Purdue) USEPA-NRMRL-SPRD-Ada

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Cosolvent Flushing and Enhanced Bioremediation at a Dry Cleaner Site

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  1. By Michael D. Annable Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences Cosolvent Flushing and Enhanced Bioremediation at a Dry Cleaner Site 1

  2. Project Team • University of Florida • Mike Annable, James Jawitz, Mike Brooks • Suresh Rao, Irene Poyer (Purdue) • USEPA-NRMRL-SPRD-Ada • Guy W. Sewell, Lynn Wood, Susan Mravik • Frank Beck, Ken Jewell, Tony Lee, Steve Acree, Randal Ross • LFR Levine-Fricke • Kevin Warner • Randy Sillan • MSU • James M. Tiedje, Shannon Flynn • Project Funding – State of Florida, EPA-TIO, Florida Center for • Soild and Hazardous Waste Management, SERDP (FIBRC-WES)

  3. Brief Cosolvent Flushing History • Before 1980 Cosolvents theory - Pharmaceuticals • Mid 1980s Cosolvents used to study transport of hydrophobic compounds in soils • Early 1990s Cosolvents investigated for remediation • 1995 First Cosolvent Flood at Hill AFB (Florida) • 1996 Second Cosolvent Flood at Hill AFB (Clemson) • 1998 Cosolvent Flood at a Dry Cleaner Site (LFR, Sages) • 1999 Cosolvent Flood at Dover AFB • 2001 2nd Cosolvent Flood at Dover AFB (Clemson) • 2002-3 Full-Scale Flood at Sages (Others?)

  4. Sages Dry Cleaner SiteJacksonville, Florida

  5. Pilot test at Jacksonville, FL (Sages): • Dry Cleaner PCE source zone • 8 to 9.5 m below ground surface • 7 m long by 3 m wide • Performanced based cores and tracers

  6. 2193148 RW003 RW004 2193144 MLS-3 IW002 MLS-4 RW005 Northing (ft) IW001 IW003 RW002 MLS-1 MLS-2 MLS-5 2193140 MLS-6 MLS-7 RW006 RW007 2193136 466510 466514 466518 466522 466526 466530 466534 466538 Easting (ft) Sages Site • 3 Injection Wells (IWs) • 6 Recovery Wells (RWs) • 7 Multi-Level Samplers (MLSs)

  7. High Frequency Soil Sampling at Sages Thin lenses of DNAPL on minor permeability contrasts

  8. Sages Well Layout Recovery wells Injection wells

  9. C/C0 Volume (kL) Sages Site Partitioning Tracer Test: SN = 0.26 % VPCE 50 L RW007 MLS-4 Red SN = 1.0 % Time (d)

  10. Sages Site Cosolvent Flushing 95 % consumable grade ethanol

  11. Cosolvent Flushing Total PCE Removed 67.4 kg 41.5 L

  12. Sages Site • Waste Treatment: • Air Stripping • Macro Porous Polymer (MPP) Trailer-mounted MPP system PCE recovered from effluent

  13. Summary Results Cosolvent Extraction: 43 L PCE Removed (Mass Recovery) ~63 % PCE Removed (Partitioning Tracer) 65% Removal based on Soil Core Data

  14. Concentration (or Flux) Reduction in the Source Zone Average = 49 mg/L Average = 26 mg/L Mass Reduction = 64% : Flux Reduction = 47% n = 35 sampling locations

  15. Remove more accessible fraction of DNAPL, lower dissolved concentrations/flux. Reduce time/distance needed to meet GW quality objectives. Activate reductive bio-transformations in high redox environments. Insure supply of e- donor, accelerate process and reduce uncertainty. Meet regulatory requirements. Solvent Extraction Residual Biotreatment(source management)

  16. Pre-Cosolvent Flush Site Characterization • Aerobic Conditions • Low levels of daughter products (TCE) • DNAPL contamination identified at 26 to 31 ft. bgs

  17. GW Flow Cosolvent Extraction Recovery Well Injection Well Ethanol Flush 90%+ Mass Removal

  18. Residual Contaminants Restoration?, Risk Reduction? PCE Ethanol Mixed GW Flow

  19. GW Flow Bioremediation FNA, Dissolution < Assimilative Capacity Bioactive Zone

  20. 0 ft. 20 ft. 40 ft. 60 ft. 80 ft. Sage’s Dry Cleaner SiteJacksonville, Florida ASPHALT CONCRETE SLAB MW-512 MW-514 MW-513 C3 C4 MW-505 MLS RW-003 RW-004 C2 RW-005 MW-506 RW-002 C1 MW-509 DNAPL MW-510 AREA RW-007 RW-006 MW-508 MW-511 MW-507

  21. 80000 ug/L 70000 ug/L 60000 ug/L 50000 ug/L 40000 ug/L 30000 ug/L 20000 ug/L 10000 ug/L 0 ug/L 80,000 µg/l = 480 µM PCE

  22. 80000 ug/L 70000 ug/L 60000 ug/L 50000 ug/L 40000 ug/L 30000 ug/L 20000 ug/L 10000 ug/L 0 ug/L PCE

  23. 16000 ug/L 14000 ug/L 12000 ug/L 10000 ug/L 8000 ug/L 6000 ug/L 4000 ug/L 2000 ug/L 0 ug/L cis-DCE 16,000 µg/l = 165 µM

  24. 16000 ug/L 14000 ug/L 12000 ug/L 10000 ug/L 8000 ug/L 6000 ug/L 4000 ug/L 2000 ug/L 0 ug/L cis-DCE Next look at flux across a multilevel sampler transect

  25. Total Plume Mass Load

  26. Molar Based Total Load Increased mass flux caused by enhanced dissolution?

  27. SUMMARY Solvent Extraction: 43 L PCE Removed (Mass Recovery) ~64 % PCE Removed Source Zone Flux 47% reduction in PCE concentration in the source zone multilevel sampler network PCE Daughter Product Formation Significant increase in cis-DCE mass For additional indications of Biological Activity See the Sages Poster

  28. What’s Next? Full Scale Remediation at Sages (early 2003) Monitoring Mass Flux from the Source Zone and in the Plume?

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