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From Fetus to Baby!

From Fetus to Baby!. Signs of pregnancy Missing menstrual period Pregnancy tests these tests detect the presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin ) in the urine hCG is produced by the developing embryo and is present is a woman’s urine only when she is pregnant.

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From Fetus to Baby!

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  1. From Fetus to Baby!

  2. Signs of pregnancy • Missing menstrual period • Pregnancy tests • these tests detect the presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) in the urine • hCG is produced by the developing embryo and is present is a woman’s urine only when she is pregnant

  3. Embryo Development & Stages of Pregnancy

  4. First Trimester: (week 1- week 13) • Week 1- 7: “Embryo” • Week 8: “Fetus” • Week 12: • Sex of fetus can be determined • The fetus can move

  5. Second Trimester: (week 14- week 26) • Week 20: • Fetus can hear sounds • Can suck it’s thumb • Hair begins to grow • Use it’s digestive system by swallowing amniotic fluid • Week 24: • Mother can feel the baby moving (kicks from the legs)

  6. Third Trimester: (week 27 – week 40) • Rapid development of the fetus which requires a large quantity of nutrients from the mother  it’s crucial for the mother to eat a healthy diet • Week 28: Fetus can open it’s eyes • Week 32: fetus settles into a head down position in preparation for birth • Week 36: Recognizes mother’s voice

  7. Embryo development & stages of pregnancy Functions of the placenta, umbilical cord • Placenta • Membrane that forms between the mother’s uterus and the developing embryo • Allows for exchanges of nutrients and oxygen between mother and embryo (it serves as a filter) • N.B. Mother’s blood does not enter the embryo • Umbilical cord • connects fetus to the placenta, cut at birth

  8. Functions of amniotic fluid • In the uterus, the fetus is suspended in a fluid called amniotic fluid • This fluid has 3 functions • To protect the fetus from injury • To keep body temperature of the fetus constant • To protect the fetus against dehydration

  9. Identical and fraternal twins • Identical twins (30% of the time) • From a single egg and sperm • Great deal of resemblance • Same chromosomes • Same sex • Same blood type • Fraternal twins (70% of the time) • Two ova, two sperms • Little resemblance

  10. Important factors to consider during pregnancy • Nutrition • Physical exercise • Tobacco • (harmful chemicals pass through the placenta to the fetus) • Alcohol • Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by growth, mental, and physical birth defects associated with the mother's high levels of alcohol use during pregnancy • Alcohol ingested by a pregnant woman easily passes across the placental barrier to the fetus

  11. Process of birth

  12. Process of birth • Signs of the onset of labour • Uterine contractions are triggered to begin by the hormone oxytocin secreted by the pituitary gland • Initially are irregular but they become: • More frequent • Stronger • Regular • Rupturing of the amniotic sac (“water breaks”) • As result of the contractions… • Rupture the membrane surrounding the fetus • Cause the amniotic fluid to flow out of the body • It lubricates the baby’s passage out of the body

  13. Process of birth • 4 Stages of labour (8-20 hours) • Dilatation of the cervix (2-20 hours) • The cervix is the lower end of the uterus • It must open to allow the mature fetus to leave the mother’s body • Opens wider over time and with each contraction • Engagement of the baby’s head in the vagina (30 min – 2 hours) • The baby moves through the cervix into the vagina • The baby’s head rotates to help it’s body pass out of the vagina more easily

  14. Process of birth • 4 Stages of labour • Expulsion of the baby (5 to 60 min) • Physician holds the baby’s head and gently eases the shoulders, trunk, and finally the lower limbs out of the mother’s body • Baby’s head might be slightly deformed • Expulsion of the placenta (10-15 min after birth) • Once the baby is born, the contractions continue and cause the placenta to detach and be expelled

  15. Process of birth Different types of delivery • Natural childbirth: with the active participation of the mother, no anesthetic • Caesarean • delivery of a baby through an abdominal incision • performed when a vaginal birth is not possible or is not safe for the mother or child • C-sections have become fairly common • Induced labour: stimulated by the injection of a hormone • Administering of a local anesthetic • Epidural (injection into the spine)

  16. Human Reproduction Test • Female and male anatomy • Know how to label a diagram (* you will not be given a word bank!) • Know functions of all organs • Puberty and hormones • Menstrual Cycle • Stages of development (zygote  embryo  fetus  Baby!) • Process of birth

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