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Pendulums and Resonance

Pendulums and Resonance. Lecture 3. Pre-reading : §14.5–14.8. SHM: Pendulums. Simple pendulum: point mass on a massless, unstretched string Exhibits SHM with ω = √( g / L ) provided the amplitude (angle) is small (θ≲15°)

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Pendulums and Resonance

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  1. PendulumsandResonance • Lecture 3 Pre-reading: §14.5–14.8

  2. SHM: Pendulums • Simple pendulum: point mass on a massless, unstretched string • Exhibits SHM with ω = √(g/L)provided the amplitude (angle) is small (θ≲15°) • For real pendulum, need to know mass (m), distance to center of massd, and moment of inertiaI about rotation axisω = √(mgd/I)provided the amplitude (angle) is small (θ≲15°) §14.5–14.6

  3. If friction force varies linearly with speed, we can solve for motion: with b describing the amount of damping Damped Oscillations • In real world, friction causes oscillations to decrease in amplitude §14.7

  4. Critical dampingif b=2√(km) ⇒ ωʹ=0 returns to equilibrium without oscillating! • Underdampedb < 2√(km) • Overdampedb > 2√(km) Effects of damping • Amplitude decays exponentially. • Energy decays exponentially. • Angular frequency decreases.

  5. Compare driving frequency with ‘natural frequency’ • If ωd ≃ωʹthen system oscillates with resonant behaviour: amplitude gets very large Forced Oscillations • Now we add a driving force to a damped harmonic oscillator • Suppose driving force is sinusoidal with driving frequency ωd §14.8

  6. Mechanical waves • Read §15.1–15.2 Next lecture

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