Tongue

1. Tongue 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

2. Structures of the tongue 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

3. Structures of the tongue What type of tissue is the tongue made from? • Taste receptors • Also known as gustatory buds or taste buds 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

4. The Tongue • THE TONGUE is: • Mass of muscle tissue • Bumps on the surface are called PAPILLAE, they contain the TASTE BUDS. • Receptors in taste buds send stimuli through 3 cranial nerves to the cerebral cortex of your brain. http://www.2basnob.com/image-files/tongue.gif

5. Trivia Tongue Did you know… Taste is the weakest of the five senses We have almost 10,000 taste buds inside our mouths; even on the roofs of our mouths -This is likely the reason why we use the word "palate" when describing something good to eat or drink ("it pleases the palate" "it's very palatable") "it's pleasing to the roof of your mouth" doesn't have quite the same ring. Everyone’s tongue print is different similar to fingerprints 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

6. Skin 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

7. Structures of the skin • Epidermis layer • Dermis layer • Subcutaneous layer • Touch receptors Tactile corpuscles located in the skin • Temperature sensors • Pain receptors 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

8. Structures of the sensory system Did you know….. • Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing! 3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system

9. 3.04 Sensory functions and disorders of the tongue and skin 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

10. Understanding the functions of the tongue Taste 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

11. Understanding the functions of the tongue Can you identify the cranial nerves involved with the sense of taste? Facial, Glossopharyngeal, and Vagus 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

12. Taste Trivia Did you know??? • An adult has on average 9,000 taste buds but a child has 10,000 • More buds means the individual perceives more types of taste • The spicy foods like chili peppers stimulate the pain receptors, not the taste buds 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

13. Structures of the tongue: taste buds • Did you know… • eating chocolate makes the brain produce natural opiates • Produces a sense of well-being • Reduces pain • Makes you happy! 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

14. When we were in elementary school we learned that there were four basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Now there's a new taste to learn and it's called umami (pronounced "oo-mommy"). Actually, while the term is new to us, it's not new to the Japanese, who have used the term to describe the "fifth taste since the early 1900s. Salty Sour Sweet Bitter Umami NEW! Taste 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

15. Sense of Taste What is the relationship between the sense of taste and the sense of smell? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

16. Disorders of the tongue Glossitis Gloss itis 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

17. What causes glossitis? • Glossitis is a condition in which the tongue is swollen and changes color, often making the surface of the tongue appear smooth. Glossitis can result from infection, inflammation, allergy, trauma, and certain disorders, such as anemia.. • What are the benefits of good oral hygiene in treatment and prevention of glossitis? • Treatment of glossitis involves treating the inflammation of the tongue. Depending on the cause, treatments may include medications, changes in diet and attention to oral hygiene. 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

18. Disorders of the tongue Strawberry tongue Scarlet fever People suffering from this streptococcal infection may develop a strawberry tongue. How are disorders of the tongue relevant to taste? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

19. What are other causes of strawberry tongue? Vitamin deficienciesof folic acid and vitamin B-12 Geographic tongue. This condition, also known as benign migratory glossitis, is named for the map-like pattern of reddish spots that develop on the surface of the tongue Kawasaki syndrome. This disease, usually seen in children under the age of five, affects the blood vessels in the body and can cause strawberry tongue. 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

20. Disorders of the tongue: Thrush What is it? How is it treated? How are disorders of the tongue relevant to health? 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

21. “Thrush” is an infection of the mouth caused by the candida fungus, also known as yeast. Candida infection is not limited to the mouth; it can occur in other parts of the body as well, causing diaper rash in infants or vaginal yeast infections in women. Thrush can affect anyone, though it occurs most often in babies and toddlers, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems Antifungal medications, which are generally taken for 10 to 14 days, are prescribed to treat thrush. 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

22. The Skin 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

23. Understanding the sensory functions of the skin Touch • Tactile corpuscles (receptors) • Temperature sensors • Pain receptors • Referred pain • Phantom pain 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

24. Understanding the functions of the skin Discuss the importance of touch. Touch 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

25. Disorders of the skin How do you think the disorders of the skin pictured impact the sensory function of the skin? Burns Dermatitis 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system

26. 3.04 Sensory functions and disorders of the tongue and skin The End 3.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system