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Chapter 18: Classification

Section 18-3: Building the Tree of Life. Chapter 18: Classification. In Linneaus’s time organisms were either plants or animals Animals moved from place to place, used food Plants green, got energy from sun, did not move Does not reflect diversity

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Chapter 18: Classification

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  1. Section 18-3: Building the Tree of Life Chapter 18: Classification

  2. In Linneaus’s time organisms were either plants or animals Animals moved from place to place, used food Plants green, got energy from sun, did not move Does not reflect diversity New data changed this idea, and it is still changing Changing Ideas About Kingdoms

  3. Changing Ideas about Kingdoms

  4. Kingdom Archaebacteria and Kingdom Eubacteria more genetically different from each other and from eukaryotes • Higher taxonomic group domain • Domain Bacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria) • Domain Archae (Kingdom Archaebacteria) • Domain Eukarya (Kingdoms “Protista” (not monophyletic), Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) Three Domains

  5. Three Domains

  6. Modern evolutionary classification constantly and rapidly changing Tree of life shows current hypotheses The Tree of All Life

  7. The Tree of All Life

  8. All unicellular, prokaryotic Kingdom Eubacteria (true bacteria) Thick, rigid cell walls containing peptidoglycan Ecologically diverse – some photosynthetic, some parasitic, some anaerobic, some aerobic Domain Bacteria

  9. Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular, prokaryotic Some live in extreme environments (some can only survive without oxygen) No peptidoglycan in cell walls – membranes contain unusual lipids Domain Archae

  10. All organisms with nuclei • Kingdom Protista – Unicellular eukaryotes • “Catchall” kingdom • At least 5 clades • Only one group (brown algae) that is mutlticellular • Some photosynthetic, some heterotrophic • Some resemble fungi, plants, animals Domain Eukarya

  11. Kingdom Fungi • Heterotrophic, cells walls made of chitin • Most feed on dead/decaying organic matter • Extracellular digestion • Includes mushrooms (multicellular) and yeasts (unicellular) Domain Eukarya

  12. Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular, cells walls of cellulose, autotrophic • Chlorophyll • Nonmotile • Green algae, mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants Domain Eukarya

  13. Kingdom Animalia • Multicellular, heterotrophic • No cell wall • Most motile in some way Domain Eukarya

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