Chapter 6

1. Chapter 6 Our Sexual Selves

2. Chapter Outline • Sexual Development and Orientation • Theoretical Perspectives on Human Sexuality • Negotiating (Hetero)sexual Expression • Sexuality Throughout Marriage

3. Chapter Outline • Sex as a Pleasure Bond • Sexual Expression, HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases. • Platform and Pulpit • Sexual Responsibility

4. Mean Child Sexual Behavior Index Scores

5. Sexual Orientation • Sexual orientation refers to whether an individual is drawn to a partner of the same sex or the opposite sex. • Heterosexuals are attracted to opposite-sex partners and homosexuals to same-sex partners. • Bisexuals are attracted to people of both sexes.

6. Theoretical Perspectives on Human Sexuality • Exchange Perspective -satisfaction depends on the costs and rewards of a sexual relationships • Interactionist Perspective - men and women are influenced by the sexual scripts they learn from society

7. Early America: Patriarchal Sex • Sex is valued for procreative potential. • Characterized by beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors developed to protect the male line of descent. • Men are thought to be born with an urgent sex drive, while women are naturally passive.

8. Twentieth Century: Expressive Sexuality • Sexuality is basic to the humanness of both men and women • Sex is not only for procreation but is an important means of enhancing human intimacy

9. 1960’s: Sexual Revolution • Birth control pill became widely available • Laws regarding sexuality became more liberal. • People’s attitudes and behavior regarding sex became radically more permissive.

10. The 1980s and 1990s: Challenges to Heterosexism • Americans are more likely to approve of civil rights protections for gays and lesbians. • Publics attitude toward homosexuality has become more favorable.

11. Sexual Experience of High School Students, 2003

12. Stages of “Coming Out” • Sensitization - future homosexuals feel sexually marginal, have experiences that sensitize them to subsequent definitions of themselves as lesbian or gay. • Identity confusion -inner turmoil and uncertainty.

13. Stages of “Coming Out” • Identity assumption - develop a self-identity and a presented identity as homosexual. • Commitment - accept homosexuality as a way of life.

14. 21st Century:Risk, Caution and Intimacy • More health risks in sexual encounters. • Relationships between the sexes are more egalitarian.

15. Four Standards of Non-marital Sex • Abstinence - Intercourse outside of marriage is always wrong. • Permissiveness with affection - Intercourse outside of marriage is permitted for men and women in stable, affectionate relationships.

16. Four Standards of Non-marital Sex • Permissiveness without affection - Intercourse is allowed regardless of the stability or affection in the relationship. • Double standard - Women's sexual behavior must be more conservative than men’s.

17. Frequency of Sex Last Month by Age and Marital Status

18. Sexual Satisfaction and Self-Esteem • People with low self-esteem may turn off their erotic feelings because they feel they don’t deserve them. • Healthy self-esteem allows people to acknowledge and accept heir own tastes and preferences.

19. Sexual Satisfactionand Self-Esteem • Self-esteem provides the freedom to search for new pleasures. • Self-esteem lets people ask their partner to help satisfy their preferences. • Self-esteem makes it possible to engage in pleasuring.

20. Elements in Sexual Satisfaction • Self-esteem • Transcending gender stereotypes • Cooperation and communication

21. Who Has HIV/AIDS? • About 400,000 people in the U.S. live with AIDS: • 42% black • 37% white • 20% Hispanic • 1% each Asian/Pacific Islander and Native American/Alaska Native

22. Who Has HIV/AIDS? • The cumulative total of AIDS cases reported through 2002 is 885,686, with more than 40,000 new cases diagnosed each year. • More than 850,000 people in the United States are infected with HIV, the largest number since the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s.

23. Rate of AIDS Cases Reported, 2002

24. Politics and Sex Education • Research indicates that sex education does not lead to early sexual activity. • Over 80% of parents support teaching about birth control and 76% want sex education to cover sexual orientation • 23% of school districts require teaching abstinence only.

26. Sexual Responsibility • Prevention of pregnancy. • Prevention of sexual transmitted diseases. • Communication with partners and potential sexual partners and being honest with their motives for wanting to have sex. • Responsibility to oneself to make decisions according to one’s own values.

27. Quick Quiz

28. 1. Which of the following does NOT relate to sexual orientation? • transsexual • homosexual • heterosexual • bisexual

29. Answer: a • Transsexual does NOT relate to sexual orientation.

30. 2. The text points out that recently, the American public’s attitudes toward homosexuality have • not changed from the previous three decades. • become even more unfavorable. • become more favorable. • continued to fluctuate.

31. Answer: c • The text points out that recently, the American public’s attitudes toward homosexuality have become more favorable.

32. 3. Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted disease (STD)? • herpes simplex • genital herpes • chlamydia • human papilloma virus

33. Answer: a • Herpes simplex is NOT a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?

34. 4. The text addresses four principles of sexual responsibility that may serve as guidelines for sexual decision making. Which of the following is NOT one of these? • the possibility of pregnancy • the possibility of contracting sexual transmitted diseases or transmitting them to someone else • the possibility of emotional harm to one’s sexual partner • communicating with partners or potential sexual partners

35. Answer: c • The text addresses four principles of sexual responsibility that may serve as guidelines for sexual decision making. The possibility of emotional harm to one’s sexual partner is NOT one of these.