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Tang Dynasty

Tang Dynasty. 618-907. Beginnings. General Li Shimin founded Tang dynasty Named Taizong – “Great Ancestor” Fixed of Chinese and “barbarian” blood First had his father on the throne, who abdicated. Government. Chang’an 1 Million people, including foreigners who were traders and merchants

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Tang Dynasty

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  1. Tang Dynasty 618-907

  2. Beginnings • General Li Shimin founded Tang dynasty • Named Taizong – “Great Ancestor” • Fixed of Chinese and “barbarian” blood • First had his father on the throne, who abdicated

  3. Government • Chang’an • 1 Million people, including foreigners who were traders and merchants • 30 square miles

  4. Government • Civil service exams • Supported by government schools • Forbidden to serve in native places “ rule of avoidance” • Limited to terms of 3 years • Moved to different districts • Reduced power of great families

  5. Government • Military based on Militia • Revenue system – based on land tax • Government monopoly on Salt, tea, and liquor • Rebuilt road and canal network with post stations

  6. Culture • Golden Age of Art and Literature • Art • Glazes on Pottery • Focused on Human Figure • Monochromatic

  7. Dish in the Shape of a Leaf Night Shinning White

  8. Phoenix-headed ewer Floral Medallions

  9. Standing Court Lady Seated Buddha

  10. Culture cont’d • Poets • Lia Bai • Bu Fu

  11. Cast iron Crossbow Gunpowder, Compass Porcelain Coal as fuel Waterwheels Paper Currency Wheelbarrow Wallpaper Technology

  12. Expansion • Overseas trade expanded with absorption of Fujian and absorption of southeast coast • Reincorporated northern Vietnam, Xinjiang, and southern Manchuria • Incorporated Korea as a tributary state

  13. Collapse • Revenue base began to erode • Imperial land grants to notables who avoided taxes • Population grew more quickly than land and money could provide • Began outlawing contact with other ethnicities

  14. Collapse • Military supported by mercenaries • Eunuchs’ power increasing • Rebellions • Country divided by generals • Attacked by groups in the north, taking control of including southern Manchuria • Ended in chaos and civil war

  15. Song Dynasty 966-1279

  16. Beginnings • Follows Five Dynasty Period and later Zhou Period • General Guo Wei rival of Later Zhou conquered middle Yangzi region of Chu • Kingdom of Shu of Sichuan

  17. Government • Issued paper currency credited growth of commerce • Civil Service recruited for higher posts from educated who passed three levels of imperial examinations • Personal Property assessed for Taxation • Trained Militia and supplied with Arms • Strengthen Loyalty and Quality of Army

  18. Government • Government Schools • Open to anyone of ability • Allowed others a chance at office holding • Paid Mongols and others in silk and other goods as a way to pacify would be attackers

  19. Culture • Song Poetry • Wáng Ānshí • Zeng Gong • Paintings focusing on Landscapes • Harmony between humans and nature • Patronized by Rich Urban Merchants • Popularization of Vernacular Language

  20. Summer Mountains

  21. Scholar on Horseback with Traveling Hat

  22. Chinese Song dynasty Henan jar

  23. Glazed Clay Jar

  24. Improved Farming Techniques – Irrigation, fertilization, metal tools and proto-machines Ships with water-tight compartments Waterwheels Incline Planes Canal Locks Gunpowder Mortars Technology

  25. Depletion of Empire • Shrank in size, gave up land including Taipei, • Abandoned Tibet • Manchuria in Khitan control • Vietnam and Korea more independent

  26. Collapse of Northern Song • Alliance with Jurchen against Khitan • Unimpressed with Song’s military abilities • Captured capital of Kaifeng 1126 • Treaty with Jurchen fixed border at Huai River • Pay annual tribute

  27. Collapse of Southern Song • Attacks by Jurchen and Mongols • Attacks by Jurchen take over Northern China • Song establish Southern Song Dynasty • Including Chinghis and Kubilai Khan • Mongols eventually take over Song China and establish Yuan Dyansty

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