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LASER. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Stimulated VS. Sp
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1. Laser in Dentistry By Hisham Sindi
2. LASER Light
Amplification
by
Stimulated
Emission
of
Radiation
3. Stimulated VS. Spontaneous
4. Production of Laser Energy
5. 1) Active Medium Solid : (ruby and Nd: YAG)
Gas : (CO2, argon and He-Ne)
Liquid : (complex organic dyes)
Semiconductor : (diodes)
Metal vapor : (copper)
6. 2) Optical Resonator Left mirror : Flat and full reflection
Right mirror : Concave and partial transmition
7. Energy Source High Voltage Power Supply
Radiofrequency Generator
Flash Lamp Tube
Another laser
8.
Active medium
Energy source
Left mirror
Right mirror
Laser
11. Characteristics Coherent
Parallel
Monochromatic
12. Classification of Laser Medium
Heat production
Output power
Pumping scheme
Operation mode
13. According to Heat Production 1) Athermic (Soft laser) (LLL) :
He-Ne
2) Thermic (Hard laser) :
CO2
Nd:YAG
Ruby
14. According to Output Power Low power : (up to 1000 mW)
Middle power : (1-3 W)
High power laser : (3 W and upwards)
15. According to Pumping Scheme Optical
Electrical
16. According to The Operation Mode Continuous wave
Pulsed
17. Uses of Laser Commercial
Industrial
Medical
Research
Military
18. 1) Commercial Copiers
Displays
Communications
Printing
Scanning
Light shows
Compact Disk (CD)
19. 2) Industrial Alignment
Cutting
Drilling
Sealing
Construction
Soldering
20. 3) Medical Ophthalmology
Invasive Surgery
Dentistry
Diagnostic
Cosmetic Surgery
Endoscopy
21. 4) Research Fusion
Spectroscopy
Velocimetry
22. Military Navigation
Ranging
Illumination
Weapons
23. Biologic effects of Laser Light Thermal effect:
Photocoagulation
Photovaporization
2) Non thermal effect:
Photochemical
Photomechanical
24. Thermal Effect 36.5 C°: No effect
37 C° : Photoactivation
44 C° : Tissue denaturation
60 C° : Tissue degradation
Whitening of tissue surface
65 C° : Tissue coagulation
Hemostasis and Intraluminal thrombosis
Exceeding 100 C° : Vaporization
25. Sizes of Cutting Depend on: Thermal conduction of the tissue
The wave length
The power of energy
26. Non Thermal Effect Photochemical :
Neural
Activation of enzymes (ATP)
Cell membrane
2) Photomechanical (Nd-YAG) :
Extremely high power ultra short pulses.
27. Laser in Dentistry
28. Pulsed Nd-YAG Lasers 1) Soft tissue :
Gingival retraction
Gingivectomy
Gingivoplasty
Frenectomies
Apthus ulcers
2) Hard tissue:
Enamel and dentin etching
Dentin Hypersensitivety
Caries detection
Endodontic treatment (shaping, sterilization and obturation)
29. Argon Lasers (476, 488, 514 nm) Cure dental bonding agent and composite resin.
Recommended for many soft tissue application
31. CO2 Lasers (10600 nm) Superficial cutting or vaporizing soft tissue.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Minimal photocoagulation in deeper tissues
32. Er-YAG Lasers Strongly absorbed by collagen, hydroxyapatite and water
Caries removal and cavity preparation
Hard dental tissue
Cut and vaporize with small zones.
33. Effects of Lasers on Dental Tissues Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Pulp
Wound healing
34. Effect on Enamel Modification of the enamel surface
Melting structural elements
Increase caries resistance
35. Effect on Dentin Sealing of dentinal tubules
Decrease dentin permeability
Desensitization of dentin
36. Effect on Cementum Increase resistance
Reduction of plaque accumulation
Calculus removal
38. Effects in Wound Healing Rapid epithelization
Increase collagen
Neovasculrization
Neural regeneration
Haemostatsis
39. Safety Measures Protective glasses
Cover reflective surfaces
Wet gauze pads
Remove anesthetic gases
Suction smoke and vaporized soft tissue
40. Contraindications Pregnancy
Heart diseases
41. Examples Diagnodent
Waterlase
42. Thank You