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The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results

The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results. A.T. Vermeulen*, G. Pieterse, A. Manning, M. Schmidt, L. Haszpra, E. Popa, R. Thompson, J. Moncrieff, A. Lindroth, P. Stefani, J. Morguí, E. Moors, R. Neubert, M. Gloor. CHIOTTO: an achievement of 9 partners. 2.4 M€ EU; 4 M€ total

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The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results

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  1. The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results A.T. Vermeulen*, G. Pieterse, A. Manning, M. Schmidt, L. Haszpra, E. Popa, R. Thompson, J. Moncrieff, A. Lindroth, P. Stefani, J. Morguí, E. Moors, R. Neubert, M. Gloor

  2. CHIOTTO: an achievement of 9 partners • 2.4 M€ EU; 4 M€ total • Objectives: • 8 Tall towers in Europe: 4 new; 4 updated • Continuous measurements of most important greenhouse gases: pre-operational network • Precision and accuracy demands according to WMO targets • Continuous measurements, often vertical gradients • Common instrumentation • Common sampling and calibration procedures • Common database • Common calibration scale • Intercomparison scheme • Near real-time data transmission • 5 of 8 towers perform regular flask sampling • Concentration scales linked to NOAA CMDL/GAW network • Project runs from November 2002-May 2006 • 9 partners: 4 Universities; 5 Institutes http://www.chiotto.org The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 2

  3. Europe according to CHIOTTO • CHIOTTO footprint for 2005 (min.m2.kg-1) for the 8+1 stations (COMET transport model) The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 3

  4. CHIOTTO: 8 Tall towers in Europe The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 4

  5. Gas purging system Air inlet system Pressure control system Air drying system CO2 and O2 analysers Gas Chromatograph (CO, CH4, SF6, N2O) Calibration gases Measurement setup example (BIK) The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 5

  6. QA: High precision standards production at MPI-BGC • Common calibration gases produced by MPI-Jena: 4 standards per tower • Calibration cylinders linked to NOAA CMDL scale • NOAA CMDL standards are recommended • Daily calibration is minimum • Two target gases detecting/correcting sensor drift • Zero tank for Licor instruments • Archive standards are foreseen, MPI-Jena • Regular recalibration of working standards • Round robin intercomparison by Traveling Cylinders every 6 months • CarboEurope-IP intercomparison: CO2 and CO The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 6

  7. Cabauw – CBW – The Netherlands (ECN) Height: 200m AGL Base: -2m ASL Lon: 04°56’ Lat: 51°58’ Levels: 20m, 60m, 120m, 200m LU: Grassland, crops The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 7

  8. CBW CO2 trend 2000-2006 CHIOTTO 2003 anomaly The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 8

  9. 222Radon vertical gradient Cabauw • Two Rn monitors from ANSTO (20 and 200 meter sample height) The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 9

  10. OXK – Ochsenkopf – Germany (MPI-BGC) Height: 163m AGL Base: 1022m ASL Lon: 11°49’’ Lat: 50°03’ Levels: 20m, 60m, 120m, 200m LU: Conf. forest The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 10

  11. First results: OXK Poster: Thompson RT41 The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 11

  12. BIK – Bialystok – Poland (MPI-BGC) Height: 300m AGL Base: 160m ASL Lon: 22°45’ Lat: 52°15’ Levels: 5m, 30m, 90m, 180m, 300m LU: Forest The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 12

  13. First results: BIK BIK JASO-’05 CO2,O2/N2,APO ASOND-’05 Poster: Popa RT39 The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 13

  14. TTA – Angus – United Kingdom (UEDIN) Height: 230m AGL Base: 313m ASL Lon: 2°59‘ W Lat: 56°33’ Levels: 230m LU: Moor, heather, forest The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 14

  15. First results: Angus The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 15

  16. FIR – Florence – Italy (UNITUS) Height: 200m AGL Base: 245m ASL Lon: 11°16’ Lat: 43°49’ Levels: 200m LU: Crops, Forest, City The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 16

  17. NOR - Norunda – Sweden (ULUND) Height: 102 AGL Base: 45m ASL Lon: 17°28’ Lat: 60°05’ Levels: 35m, 100m LU: moors, forest Addtional GC: national funds The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 17

  18. Norunda results 35 m flux 105 m flux The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 18

  19. 17°E 18°E 19°E 48°N Hegyhátsál 47°N 46°N HUN – Hegyhatsal – Hungary (ELTE) Height: 248m AGL Base: 117m ASL Lon: 16o39’ Lat: 46o57'’ Levels: 10m, 48m, 82m, 115m LU: crops, grass, forest The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 19

  20. K-Puszta (till 1993) -> Hegyhatsal The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 20

  21. LMU – la Muela – Spain (UNIBARC) Height: 100 m Base: 1000 m ASL Lat: 41º 35.7 N Lon: 01º 05.9 W Levels: 41m, 57m, 91m AGL Funding by regional government The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 21

  22. First results: La Muela The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 22

  23. Height 1:180 m Height 2:100 m Height 3:50 m ORL – Orleans – France (LSCE) Height: 200 AGL Base: 131m ASL Lon: 02° 06’ 45” E Lat: 47° 57’ 54” N Levels: 50m, 100m, 180m AGL The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 23

  24. Intercomparison results The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 24

  25. Flux tower integration and footprint modeling The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 25

  26. Tall Tower data: models in progress • Transcom continuous experiment • Independent model runs • Years 2002+2003 • 2 year spinup • Flux fields: • annual CDIAC fossil fuel 1998 • hourly SIB or CASA • monthly ocean (Takahashi (2002)) • 280 stations • Only tall towers in Europe this period: • Cabauw – NL • Hegyhatsal – HU The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 26

  27. Transcom continued: 2002 concentrations CBW+HUN CBW 20m TM5 HUN 20m COMET HUN 10m TM5 The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 27

  28. Final workshop: Amsterdam, april 2006 • - The atmosphere carries coherent structures of concentration patterns with information of the sources, but models have difficulties in reproducing • - High resolution models start to pick up with encouraging results, still more data is needed (TM5, Sib-RAMS, Stilt, LMDZ, NAME, Comet) • - Tall tower data will be useful, but models will have to develop further first: transport error & PBL height • - Europe goes up front with a working high quality network of tall towers measuring CO2 and non-CO2 gases, embedded in CE-IP • Best remark of the workshop (Johan Cruijff reward): • “The atmospheric data are not sufficiently dense to constrain fluxes without them” (Scott Denning) The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 28

  29. Achievements • All new instrumentation and sampling lines are built, tested and operational • 8 of 8 towers are now fully equipped with instrumentation and measuring • Existing towers continued ‘old’ setup until replacement • Most new towers became operational Summer 2005 • First intercomparison started December 2005 • Extensive integration flux experiments and modelling around Cabauw and Hegyhatsal • Integrated within CarboEurope-IP, Atmospheric Component • Successful final workshop The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 29

  30. Conclusions and outlook • CHIOTTO Tower data will provide a wealth of information on GHG sources and sinks • Tall towers allow to overcome some observational problems: • Less sensitive to very near-field (less bias), more representative on model-scale • Better estimate of Boundary Layer average concentration: full transport flux • Continuous data • Multi-component • Current models have improved so we can start exploring the surface observations • Models still need improvement esp. transport+BLH, resolution 0.5o might be enough for GHG • Inverse modelling: NEU C6 • Support needed for non-CO2 obs! (ICOS,TTORCH,…?) The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 30

  31. Acknowledgements • Transcom continuous experiments participants • EU FP5 • National funding agencies: • VROM • Senter/NOVEM • … • Advisory board: • Ingeborg Levin (UHEI) • Han Dolman (VU) • Peter Bakwin • Manuel Gloor (ULEEDS) • Wlodek Zahorowski (ANSTO) The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 31

  32. Room for improvement • COMET model, 0.5o windfields, Flextra trajectories • CH4 fluxes from METDAT (Berdowski et al, 1998) • 3-hourly at 10’ resolution • R2=0.84 during summer, bias=0 ppb, RMSE=115 (6%) • Full year: R2=0.72 Vermeulen et al, ACPD, 2006 The CHIOTTO tall tower network: setup and first results 32

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