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Translation

Translation. Every living organism is created using the same language – A, T, C, and G. Translation. For spoken languages we have these. The language of DNA – A, T, G, and C. If each letter codes for one thing we are limited to 4 traits.

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Translation

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  1. Translation • Every living organism is created using the same language – A, T, C, and G.

  2. Translation • For spoken languages we have these.

  3. The language of DNA – A, T, G, and C • If each letter codes for one thing we are limited to 4 traits. • If a pair of letters codes for one thing we get 4x4 = 16 combinations. • If a trio codes for one thing we get 4x4x4 = 64 possibilities.

  4. 3 Letter Code • mRNA is read in a 3 base code. • Each three bases is called a codon. • Codon – 3 base sequence of nucleotides on RNA

  5. What do codon’s code for? • Each 3 base sequence codes for a specific amino acid that has the complimentary base pair attached to tRNA • tRNA – transfer RNA • Each tRNA molecule has an amino acid attached to it. • Anticodon – the three complimentary bases on the tRNA.

  6. Amino Acids • Amino Acids are the “building blocks” that are used to create peptide chains. • There are 20 amino acids that are coded for by mRNA

  7. From peptide to protein • Peptides chains are joined to make polypeptides – which are then folded into proteins.

  8. tRNA molecules carry amino acids

  9. Ribosomes • Ribosomes – the component of cells that makes proteins from the amino acids on tRNA molecules. • Ribosomes are made of rRNA and protein

  10. Translation • Translation is the process of reading the 3 base pair on the mRNA strand and synthesizing protein molecules.

  11. Animation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo

  12. Not to be outdone • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q2Ba2cFAew&feature=related

  13. Translation Practice • DNA – T A C A A C C G C T T T C T A • mRNA – A U G U U G G C G A A A G A U • tRNA - U A C A A C C G C U U U C U A • Amino - Met - Leu - Ala - Phen - Leu

  14. Reading • Reading: “Translating the Message in mRNA” pgs. 528-530. • Continue filling out the graphic organizer. • Tomorrow - Proteins

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