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IPV6

IPV6. IPv6 HEADER. IPv4 vs. IPv6. Cách viết. 128 bits = 16 bytes được viết thành 8 nhóm 2 bytes (4 chữ số Hex) Ví dụ : FEDA:BA98:1265:ADEF:ED12:78AB:FA56:8723 Các số 0000 có thể viết gọn thành 0 Ví dụ : 1080:0000:0000:0000:0008:0800:200C:417A

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IPV6

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  1. IPV6

  2. IPv6 HEADER

  3. IPv4 vs. IPv6

  4. Cáchviết • 128 bits = 16 bytes đượcviếtthành 8 nhóm 2 bytes (4 chữsố Hex) Vídụ: FEDA:BA98:1265:ADEF:ED12:78AB:FA56:8723 • Cácsố 0000 cóthểviếtgọnthành 0 Vídụ: 1080:0000:0000:0000:0008:0800:200C:417A Viếtgọnthành 1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A • Nhómliêntiếpcácsố 0 cóthểthaythếbởi“:” Vídụ: 1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A Viếtgọnthành1080::8:800:200C:417A

  5. Mộtsốvídụ Vídụ 1: • Địachỉ: FEDC:BA98::7654:3210 • Có dạng đầy đủ: FEDC:BA98:0:0:0:0:7654:3210 Vídụ 2: • Địachỉ: FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:: • Códạng đầy đủ: FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:0:0:0:0 Lưu ý: Quy ước dấu hai chấm kép chỉ được sử dụng một lần với một địa chỉ. Vídụ: 0:0:0:BA98:7654:0:0:0Cóthểviếtthành::BA98:7654:0:0:0 Hoặc0:0:0:BA98:7654::

  6. Address types IPv6 has three types of addresses, which can be categorized by typeand scope: • Unicast addresses. A packet is delivered to one interface. • Multicast addresses. A packet is delivered to multiple interfaces. • Anycast addresses. A packet is delivered to the nearest of multiple interfaces (in terms of routing distance) IPv6 does not use broadcast messages

  7. Unicast & AnycastAddress Scope Unicast and anycast addresses in IPv6 have the following scopes (for multicast addresses, the scope is built into the address structure): • Global. The scope is global (IPv6 Internet addresses), • Link-local. The scope is the local link (nodes on the same subnet), • Site-local. The scope is the organization (private site addressing).

  8. Unicast global addresses • IPv6 unicast global addresses are similar to IPv4 public addresses. Global addresses are globally routable. The structure of an IPv6 unicast global address creates the three-level topology shown in the following illustration

  9. Unicast global addresses fields

  10. Unicast site-local addresses IPv6 unicast site-local addresses are similar to IPv4 private addresses. The scope of a site-local address is the internetwork of an organization’s site. (Both global and site-local addresses can be used in your network.) The prefix for site-local addresses is FEC0::/48. The initial 48 fixed bits are followed by a 16-bit Subnet ID field, which provides as many as 65,536 subnets in a flat subnet structure. Alternatively, you can subdivide the high-order bits of the Subnet ID field to create a hierarchical routing infrastructure. 

  11. Unicast link-local addresses IPv6 unicast link-local addresses are similar to IPv4 APIPA addresses used by computers running Microsoft Windows. Hosts on the same link (the same subnet) use these automatically configured addresses to communicate with each other. Neighbor Discovery provides address resolution. The prefix for link-local addresses is FE80::/64.

  12. Special Unicast Addresses • Unicast unspecified address is equivalent to the IPv4 unspecified address of 0.0.0.0. Written as 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:, or a double colon (::). • Unicast loopback address is equivalent to the IPv4 loopback address, 127.0.0.1. Written as is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1, or ::1.

  13. Multicast IPv6 Addresses

  14. Multicast scopes

  15. Multicast solicited node address • Being used for efficient address resolution. • The IPv4 ARP Request frame is broadcasted, which disturbs all nodes on the network segment. • The multicast solicited node address combines the prefix FF02::1:FF00:0/104 with the last 24 bits of the IPv6 address being resolved. • IPv6 uses the solicited node multicast address for the Neighbor Solicitation message (the IPv6 equivalent to the ARP Request frame) that resolves an IPv6 address to its link-layer address, disturbing few nodes during the address resolution process

  16. IPv6 Solicited Node Address Calculation

  17. Anycast IPv6 Addresses • Unicast says “send to this one address”, • Multicast says “send to every member of this group”, • Anycastsays “send to any one member of this group”. OR • means “send to the closest member of this group”.

  18. IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Addresses

  19. IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Addresses

  20. IPv4-Compatible vs. IPv4 Mapped • The first 80 bits are always zero, so when this is seen you know it is an embedded IPv4 address of some sort. • IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses are only used for devices that are actually IPv6-aware (IPv4-IPv6 compatible). • If the "FFFF" is seen for the 16 bits after the initial 80, this designates a conventional IPv4 devices whose IPv4 address has been mapped into the IPv6 format. It is not an IPv6-capable device.

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