Adoption of Hermetic Storage for Cowpea in West & Central Africa in 2012 .

1. Adoption of Hermetic Storage for Cowpea in West & Central Africa in 2012. B. Moussa, O. Coulibaly, T. Abdoulaye, D. Baributsa and J. Lowenberg-DeBoer

2. Objectives: • Determine the proportion of cowpea stored on farms by type hermetic storage. • Estimate proportion of rural households using hermetic storage • Identify the major barriers to use of hermetic storage for cowpea used on farms

3. Methods: • Stratified random sample of villages, with the proportion of PICS villages determined by the proportion of PICS villages in the overall cowpea zone. • Random selection of household heads in sample villages. • Face-to-face interviews • Overall statistics calculated with weights determined solely by number of PICS and non-PICS villages.

4. Sample Size

5. Niger and Burkina Faso: Storage Methods Used by Farmers in 2009

6. Niger, Nigeria and Burkina Faso 2009 : Availability is Key Constraint Average distance to nearest PICS retailer was 5.8 km in Niger DT and over 13 km in Niger MZT. Percentages Figure 2. Reason for non-adoption of PICS technology in Niger, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. Source: Studies on adoption of PICS bags in 2010 in Niger, Burkina Faso and Nigeria

7. Nigeria: Storage Methods Used by Farmers 2011 Harvest • Total hermetic storage 32% • “Insecticide” here is pesticide in ordinary woven bags • Insecticide pervasive in Nigeria, used in most double bags and even some triple bags

8. Nigeria 2011 : Availability is Key Constraint for Triple Bag Non-adopters • “Availability” cited as a key constraint even in some villages close to Kano • Media and word-of-mouth has reached only about half of respondents in non-PICS villages; demonstrations still important.

9. Mali: Storage Methods Used by Farmers for 2011 Harvest • TB adoption relatively low but overall hermetic is 61% • “Other” includes ordinary woven bags, pots, ash, etc.

10. Mali 2011 : Information is Key Constraint for Triple Bag non Adopters • Information is key constraint but Availability is still a problem

11. Cameroon: Storage Methods Used by Farmers for 2011 Harvest • “Other” includes woven sacks, pots, ash, etc. • Total hermetic is 23% of quantity stored on farms

12. Cameroon 2011 : Information is Key Constraint for Triple Bag Non-adopters • Like in Mali Information is key but availability is still a problem

13. Chad: Storage Methods Used by Farmers for 2011 Harvest • Results similar to in Cameroon but triple bag slightly higher • Total hermetic is 24%

14. Nigeria, Mali, Cameroon and Chad: Storage Methods Used for 2011 Harvest • Simple average for these four countries for total hermetic is 35%. Next step is calculating weighted average to allow for differences in cowpea production levels. • Regional total hermetic percentage will be pulled up by the 70% in Niger and Burkina.

15. Nigeria, Mali and Cameroon 2011 Harvest : Key Constraints among Triple Bag Non-adopters • Bag availability is key constraint, especially in Nigeria. • Information still a major constraint, especially in non-PICS villages.

16. Conclusions • Preliminary 2011 harvest adoption results for Nigeria, Cameroon, Mali and Chad: • Total hermetic in range of 23% to 61% of quantity • Triple bag use ranges from 12% to 18% • Availability key constraint for non-adopters in Nigeria • Information still key constraint especially for non-PICS villages • PICS 50% goal reached for some countries (e.g. Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali). • Regional hermetic storage percentage depends on data for remaining countries.

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