LIVING AND NONLIVING THINGS

1. LIVING AND NONLIVING THINGS Biology Mrs. Bonifay

2. Living & Nonliving Things • The difference between living and nonliving things are found by observing their properties. • Properties can describe how an object 1. looks 2. feels 3. behaves • All things have properties.

3. Properties of Nonliving Things • Both living and nonliving things have properties. • Nonliving things have properties that you can see and feel. • Unlike living things, nonliving things do not carry out life activities. They do not move, develop, or reproduce. • Nonliving things are NOT made of cells.

4. Properties of Living Things • Living things carry out life activities. • They move, grow, and reproduce. • They sense and react to their environment (surroundings) • Another word for a living thing is an organism. • Both large living things, like a human or tree, and small living things, like bacteria, are organisms. • Bacteria are the simplest organisms that carry out life activities.

5. Organisms & Organs • An organism is a complete, individualliving thing. • The organ in organism comes from the Latin word that means “tool.” • Just like a tool, an organ performs a certain job in living things. • Simple organisms, like bacteria, do not have organs.

6. How Organisms Are Classified • Living things can be very different from one another. • Scientists divide living things into five groups or kingdoms. • The five kingdoms are: 1. plant 2. animal 3. protist 4. fungi 5. monera • Most living things that we know are in the plant or animal kingdoms. • Taxonomy is when organisms are classified.

7. The Plant Kingdom • Plants don’t move from place to place like animals. • Plants make their own food, using sunlight andother substances around them. • All plants have many cells. • Many plants also have organs.

8. The Animal Kingdom • Animal cannot make their own food. • They get food from other living things. • Most animals move around to capture orgather their food. • Moving also helps animals find shelter, escape danger, and find mates. • All animals have many cells. In all animals except the sponge, these cells form tissues. In most animals, these tissues form organs.

9. The Protist Kingdom • After the microscope was invented, biologists began to discover microorganisms. • These microorganisms did not fit into either the plant or animal kingdoms. • Biologists put them in a separate kingdom called protists. • Most protists have only one cell. A few have many cells.

10. More Protists • Some protists make their own food. Others absorb food from other sources. • All protists carry out basic life activities. • Algae is an example of plant-like protists. Algae can make its own food and is food for other organisms. • Protozoans are animal-like protists. They behave like animals by getting food and moving.

11. Protozoans • Protozoans can use flagella, cilia, or pseudopods to move. • Flagella are whip-like tails that help one-celled organisms move. Euglena is an organism that has a flagellum.

12. Protozoans • Amoebas push out part of their cell which pulls the amoeba along. This is called a pseudopod.

13. Protozoans • Paramecium use cilia to move. Cilia are tiny hair-like structures that move like boat paddles.

14. The Fungi Kingdom • Fungi are organisms that have many cells and decompose material for food. • Examples of fungi are mushrooms and mold. • At one time, fungi were classified as plants because they do not move around bythemselves. However, unlike plants, fungi do not make their food.

15. More Fungi • Fungi are important because of the way they get food. • Fungi release special chemicals on dead plants and animal matter. • These chemicals break down the matter. This is called decomposition. • This decomposed material is either: a. absorbed by the fungi OR b. gets into the soil for plants and other organisms to use.

16. More Fungi • Some fungi are parasites. • Parasites absorb food from living organisms. • Examples of parasites are: a. Dutch Elm disease killing trees. b. ringworm, which is a human skindisease.

17. The Monera Kingdom • Monera means alone. • The monera kingdom has only one kind of organism. • Monerans are usually one-celled organisms that do not have organelles. • Bacteria are in the monera kingdom. Bacteria do not have organelles.

18. Bacteria • Some bacteria cause disease, like strep throat. • Most bacteria are harmless. Many are even helpful. • Bacteria also help to decompose the remains of plants and animals. • People also use bacteria to make cheese and yogurt.