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Mitosis

Mitosis. The cell cycle has four main stages. The cell cycle is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division. Gap 1 (G 1 ): cell growth, organelle’s replicate, and cell maintains normal functions. The main stages of the cell cycle are gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, and mitosis.

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Mitosis

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  1. Mitosis

  2. The cell cycle has four main stages • The cell cycle is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division.

  3. Gap 1 (G1): cell growth, organelle’s replicate, and cell maintains normal functions The main stages of the cell cycle are gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, and mitosis • DNA synthesis (S): copies DNA • Gap 2 (G2): additional growth • Mitosis (M): includes division of the cell nucleus (mitosis) and division of the cell cytoplasm (cytokinesis) Important: Mitosis occurs only if the cell is large enough and the DNA undamaged.

  4. What is Mitosis? • Mitosis: Cell division involving somatic (non-sex) cells • Involves only diploid cells • Form of asexual reproduction for some life (bacteria & protista, fungi) • End Result: Two genetically identical “daughter cells”

  5. Interphase • Divided into 3 Stages: • G1 Stage • Normal function performed • Cell growth • Organelles created • S Stage • Chromatin (DNA strands) duplicated • G2 Stage • Cell growth • Normal function performed

  6. Prophase • 1st Mitosis Stage • Chromatin (DNA strands) coils into chromosomes • Nucleus dissolves spilling the chromosomes • Spindle fibers form

  7. Metaphase • 2nd stage of mitosis • Spindle fibers attach to centromeres of each chromosome • Spindle fibers pull the chromosomes to the cell’s equator

  8. Anaphase • 3rd stage of mitosis • Spindle fibers pull ½ the chromatids to each end of the cell • Humans: 46 chromatids each way

  9. Telophase • 4th stage of mitosis • Spindle fibers dissolve • Chromatids unwind into chromatin • Nucleus reforms • Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm

  10. Cell plate

  11. Name that Stage! Metaphase

  12. Name that Stage! Telophase

  13. Name that Stage! Interphase

  14. Name that Stage! Prophase

  15. Name that Stage! Anaphase

  16. Prophase Metaphase Interphase Telophase Anaphase

  17. Quick Review • Mitosis = the division of somatic (non-sex) cells • Each stage has different characteristics • End Result = Two identical diploid cells

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