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Roosevelt’s Second Hundred Days

Roosevelt’s Second Hundred Days. Why Needed. The Supreme Court found AAA and NIRA unconstitutional The Economy still wasn’t recovering. New Deal Criticisms. Criticism from the Right Expanded federal government at expense of state’s rights Alarmed at growing deficit

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Roosevelt’s Second Hundred Days

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  1. Roosevelt’s Second Hundred Days

  2. Why Needed • The Supreme Court found AAA and NIRA unconstitutional • The Economy still wasn’t recovering

  3. New Deal Criticisms • Criticism from the Right • Expanded federal government at expense of state’s rights • Alarmed at growing deficit • Deficit spending – spending more money than taking in • Too tightly regulated business • Criticisms from the Left • Felt New Deal didn’t go far enough • Wanted to shift wealth from rich to middle-income and poor families

  4. What Provided?

  5. 1) Emergency Relief • Emergency Relief Appropriations Act required that people work for their pay • WPA (Works Progress Administration- Put people to work building roads, subways, schools, museums, etc. • Provided jobs for actors, writers, composers, etc.

  6. Social Security Act – Provided pension to retired workers over 65 • Also provided unemployment insurance for the disabled

  7. 2) Revival of Organized Labor • National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) • Outlawed anti-labor practices • Established Labor Relations Board which enforced labor laws • Guaranteed workers right to organize unions and bargain collectively • Allowed binding arbitration – where union members could take complaints to neutral party who would listen to both sides and make decision

  8. Organized labor, con’t • CIO (Committee for Industrial Organization) was created as a labor union for the ‘unskilled’ worker • Union membership rose during the decade

  9. 3) Recovery Efforts • Rural Electrification Act – loaned money to farm cooperatives to bring electricity to rural areas • Number of rural homes with electricity rose from 10% to 90%

  10. Election of 1936

  11. Roosevelt’s new deal was criticized for being overly bureaucratic and crating a planned economy • Roosevelt still won election by a landslide • African Americans switched from Republican to Democratic Party

  12. Court Packing Plan

  13. Roosevelt proposed adding 6 justices to the Supreme Court • Wanted to do this so he could appoint justices favorable to New Deal • Roosevelt’s first political mistake • Made it appear that the President was trying to get too much power • This was never passed and we still have 9 Supreme Court Justices

  14. Stock Market Set Backs

  15. Fall of 1937 the Stock Market fell again • Causing 2 million to lose their job • Roosevelt feared a growing deficit (gov’t spending more than it takes in) • Cut back programs in 1937 • According to Keynesian economics, this was wrong step • Keynes argued that gov’t should spend more in recession to jump start economy 1938 Roosevelt started spending more on relief programs

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