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Phases and Atomic Arrangement of Matter

This lesson teaches students about the different phases of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and plasma - and how the atomic arrangement and properties differ in each phase. Students will understand the microscopic view of each phase and learn about the prevalence of plasma in the universe.

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Phases and Atomic Arrangement of Matter

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  1. Objective: Students will be able to describe the phases and atomic arrangement of matter • Warm Up:Write down as many things as you can think of about Matter.

  2. What is Matter? Matter: A substance that has mass and volume (takes up space).

  3. PHASES OF MATTER • Matter on Earth can exist as 4 different phases or states. • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma All living and non-living things are made of matter.

  4. SOLID • Has a definite volume and a definite shape. • The atoms or molecules in a solid are strongly attracted to one another and tightly packed. • Examples: • Rocks • Desk • Apple

  5. LIQUID • has a definite volume but no definite shape. • The atoms or molecules in a liquid are attracted to each other, but not as strongly as those of a solid. They are free to move over and around each other. • Water • Blood • Milk Microscopic view of a liquid.

  6. GAS • Has no definite volume and no definite shape. • The atoms or molecules of gases have very little attractive force on each other. This causes them to move freely and independently. • The atoms or molecules move apart until they’re evenly spaced throughout the container they are placed in. • Examples: • Air (mixture of different gases) • Water Vapor (water in a gas form) Microscopic view of a gas.

  7. Phase Properties Particle Properties Phase Atoms Energy Motion Volume Shape Solid close little vibrational definite definite Liquid close moderate rotational definite indefinite Gas far apart a lot translational indefinite indefinite

  8. Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. The following figure illustrates the microscopic differences. Microscopic view of a gas. Microscopic view of a liquid. Microscopic view of a solid.

  9. Plasma • Most of the matter in the universe is in the plasma state. • Stars are composed of matter in the plasma state. • Plasma exists at very high temperatures and pressures. • The Sun is matter in this state.

  10. Plasma on Earth • On Earth, plasma is found in lightning bolts.

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