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Understanding Solutions: Science of Ice Tea

Explore the definitions of concentration, solubility, and liquid pairs. Learn about solvents, solutes, and the types of solutions through relatable examples. Dive into colligative properties and degrees of separation in this insightful guide.

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Understanding Solutions: Science of Ice Tea

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  1. The Science in Ice Tea How sweet it is!

  2. Definitions • Concentration – The measure of the amount of one substance dissolved (or suspended) in another. • Solution – The combination of solute and solvent • Solute – The stuff being dissolved (usually a solid) • Solvent – The stuff doing the dissolving (usually a liquid)

  3. What’s the solute and solvent? • A spoonful of sugar in water? • A drop of food coloring in water? • Oregano in marinara sauce? • With two liquids, usually the one of larger quantity is the solvent. • However, no matter the quantity, water is always a solvent.

  4. Water • Water is considered the universal solvent. • Not because it dissolves everything, but because it dissolves more solutes than any other solvent.

  5. 3 Kinds of Solutions - Can still dissolve more solute - Has the maximum amount of solute that the solvent can dissolve - Start getting undissolved solute as sludge. • Unsaturated • Saturated • Supersaturated

  6. Solubility • If the solute does dissolve in the solvent, it is said to be soluble in that solvent • If the solute doesn’t dissolve, (floats on top or sinks to bottom) it is said to be insoluble in that solvent. • Some solutes may be soluble in one solvent and insoluble in a different solvent

  7. Liquid Pairs • When one liquid dissolves in another liquid, they are said to be a miscible pair. • If the two liquids don’t mix (one doesn’t dissolve in the other) they are said to be an immiscible pair.

  8. What makes them miscible? • Whether or not the pair is miscible depends on their polarity. While both polar and non-polar molecules are overall neutral, a polar molecule has a negative half and a positive half • Two polar molecules are miscible. • Two non-polar molecules are miscible • A polar and a non-polar molecule together are immiscible.

  9. Degrees of Separation • Dissolving – The molecules of a solid separate from each other in a solvent. • Ex. One salt crystal separates from the other crystals in a block. Or, a sugar molecule separates from other sugar molecules in a sugar cube.

  10. Degrees continued • Dissociation – when parts of the molecule separate from each other, each carrying a charge. • Ex. In a salt crystal, the Na+ separates from the Cl- • Sugar is a covalent compound and doesn’t dissociate

  11. Colligitave Properties • Colligitave properties - properties that change as the concentration changes. • The 2 most common examples are:Boiling Point ElevationFreezing Point Depression

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