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Measures for promoting National Integration. Religious and Moral Education Committee (1959). Under the guidance of Shriprakash . Recommendations: Discard the narrow concept of religious education Focused on extensive and fundamental values Bad habits and traditionalism should be corrected
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Religious and Moral Education Committee (1959) • Under the guidance of Shriprakash. • Recommendations: • Discard the narrow concept of religious education • Focused on extensive and fundamental values • Bad habits and traditionalism should be corrected • Healthy family atmosphere should be given to every child • Prayers in morning and quotes of saints, philosophers and great personalities should be shared with students • Development of national attitude, social consciousness, sacrifice and dignity of labour • Co-curricular activities to inspire students and group discussions to inculcate moral and religious values • Physical education to be made compulsory
National Integration Committee (1962) • Under the leadership of Dr. Sampurnanand. • Recommendations: • National policy on education for whole country should be framed. • Courses should be diversified • Promotion of two languages: Hindi and English along with regional language. • Stressed on programmes of emotional integration. • Objectives of national unity and human welfare should be included in syllabus. • Introduction of school uniform and maintenance of discipline standards • National songs and symbols should be included in morning assemblies • Socio-economic survey of youth should be done to understand their needs and aspirations • Upgrading teachers through training • Preparation and publication of literature related to historical truths, contribution of various religions and regions of Indian culture • Comparative study of religions and their activities • Co-curricular activities like exhibitions, literary activities, excursions, competitions etc. • Extensive adult education should be provided • Promotion of national consciousness among citizens
Education Commission (1964-66) • Under the guidance of Dr. Kothari • Main features of report: • Stressed on balanced development of values through fusion of traditional and modern values • Importance was given to democracy, socialism, welfare and comprehensiveness of religions. • Stressed on moral and spiritual values for development of cultured and civilized citizens. • Emphasized that education must be helpful in developing confidence in nation and its future • Education must help in raising standard of living of population, developing consciousness for society and its welfare, creating awareness about the obligations of citizens. • Focused on promotion of respect for different cultures, values, customs and traditions. • Established a common school system • Introduced national and social service concept • Focused on development of Indian language.
National Integration Council (1961) • Under the chairmanship of Pt. Nehru. • Suggestions: • Fuller and better education facilities should be provided to all children and youth • Students should be engaged in national building activities • Students should be helped in identifying themselves with the nation and its progress • Late on in the meeting held in 1968, the council re-emphasized on the importance of values like: unity in diversity, democracy, socialism, justice, secularism, liberty, equality, fraternity and citizenship. • Schools and universities organized seminars on value education. • Teacher orientation programmes were conducted
National Policy on Education (1986) • In this policy public opinion was considered. • Main features: • Focused on updating existing education system according to the changing needs of people and society. • Role of education according to this policy is defined as: Acculturating, combating and integrative. • Focused on preparing students to fight against disruptive forces and to integrate in the society • Policy recommended value education as means of individual progress • NEP coined the term value education for the first time to cover religious, moral and character education all in one.
National Curriculum for Elementary and Secondary Education: A Framework (1988) • Focused on achievement of universal objective of all round development of the child through national educational traditions. • Development of values given in constitution of India, so that country’s emotional unity can be strengthened and youth can be prepared to face future challenges.
Program of Action (PoA) 1992 • Highlighted the need for modernization of curriculum and pedagogy due to advances in knowledge.
National Curriculum Framework for school Education (2000) • Emphasized that education can minimize or eliminate various types of biases, imbalances and differences on basis of caste, religion, gender, language etc. • Equal access to quality education and opportunity would be given to all • Schools must restore and sustain universal values oriented towards integration, moral and spiritual growth. • Value education would help in fighting against negative values like: dishonesty, violence, corruption, exploitation • Value education should be introduced at an early stage in school education. • Comparative study of religions should be introduced at secondary and higher secondary level.
International understanding • It means acceptance of rights of all nations for an honorable existence, eliminating fear of war, ignorance and prejudices and understanding the value of co-operation and peace.
Need for developing International understanding • To develop a sense of world citizenship • To prevent wars between nations and establishing peace • To prevent human exploitation • To prevent unhealthy competition • To promote co-operation and interdependence of people and nations • To remove barriers of caste, creed, color, religion or nation • To promote cosmopolitan culture • To promote respect for all individuals and cultures • To safeguard the national interests • To prevent narrow and self centered nationalistic ideas • To promote settlement of disputes through compromise and discussions • To promote concept of democracy and peaceful co-existence • To prevent discrimination and isolation • To synchronize diverse cultures
Nationalism Vs Internationalism • If human race is to survive, we have to subordinate national pride to international feeling. A nation has its place within an international order but if it puts its interests above those of the human community, it becomes dangerous. • Radhakrishanan
Role of education in developing International understanding • Education of international was first introduced by UNESCO in 1974. It includes: • Peace education • Understanding of all countries • Human rights education • Understanding of UN
Principles for international understanding • Independent thinking and analytical attitude should be developed in students to decide what is right and what is wrong • Students must be developed to act as per their knowledge • Patriotism should be taught in a broader way • Importance of inter dependence of countries should be mentioned to them • They should be made aware about the complementary relations of nationalism and internationalism • Principle of co-existence must be taught • Faith in humanity • Development of virtues like self esteem, self discipline, patience, self confidence, problem solving capability, responsible behavior, independent judgment and conflict resolution abilities • Students should be taught about the positives of other cultures, religions, customs, traditions, languages and ideologies • They should be taught about contribution of various cultures in growth and development of mankind • World citizenship should be promoted
