Medical English Can we end aging

1. Medical English Can we end aging Fri 5-6 Group 3103001051林維國103001058曾子源103001093李彥勳103001157李偉瑩

2. Outline • Our focus • Why defeating aging is desirable? • Why should we be more active on this? • Feasibility • Why we are fatalistic about doing anything about aging? • How we might prove fatalism is wrong?

3. Our focus • elimination of the relationship between age and chance of dying in the next year • 30 years life extension after middle age

4. Why Defeating Aging is Desirable? • malaria is a bad thing: because of a trait of malaria that it shares with aging: it kills • only real difference: aging kills more people than malaria does

5. Why Defeating Aging is Desirable? • comparison with foxhunting: banned after a long struggle by the government • It's good for ecology: stops the population explosion of foxes • However, it is something that should not be tolerated in a civilized society

6. Why Defeating Aging is Desirable? • human aging shares all of these traits • About healthy life

7. Why Defeating Aging is Desirable? • Question is: Do risks of doing something about aging outweigh the downside of doing nothing? • Do these outweighcausing 100,000 people a day to an unnecessarily early death? 

8. Why Defeating Aging is Desirable? • If we do nothing, then we are hindering many people from an indefinite life span

9. Why Defeating Aging is Desirable? • Some reasons to postpone aging: • (Source: Old People Are People Too: Why It Is Our Duty to Fight Aging to the Death byAubrey de Grey “Lead Essay December 3, 2007” http://www.cato-unbound.org/2007/12/03/aubrey-de-grey/old-people-are-people-too-why-it-our-duty-fight-aging-death) • to live longer • to let others live longer • to avoid weakening/disease/dependency in later life • to let others avoid weakening/disease/dependency in later life

10. Why Should We Be More Active on This? • It is sensible to cope with the inevitability of aging • The pro-aging trance is not as dumb as it looks and It's actually a sensible way of coping with the inevitability of aging. • However, it is what stops us from agitating about these things.  • Therefore, we have to really talk about this a lot to get people's attention.

11. Feasibility • Aging is a side effect of being alive in the first place, which is to say, metabolism. • Aging happens to us because our self-repair mechanisms are not perfect. • Metabolism has side effects that accumulate and eventually cause pathology.

12. There are two ways to postpone aging • gerontology approach - seems better, but unfortunately we don't understand metabolism very well. • geriatrics approach -The geriatrician will intervene late in the day when pathology is becoming evident and trying to slow down the accumulation of side effects.

13. Robust human rejuvenation • If we acquire the ability to confer 30 extra years of healthy life on people who are already in middle age, let's say 55. How long people of various ages today  would actually live? • They will mostly survive long enough to receive improved treatments that will give them a further 30 or maybe 50 years. • The therapies will be improving faster than the remaining imperfections in the therapies are catching up with us.

14. Longevity Escape Velocity (LEV) • I predict that a lot of people alive today are going to live to 1,000 or more. • I'm saying that the rate of improvement of those therapies will be enough. • we'll be able to fix the things that 200-year-olds die of, before we have any 200-year-olds, and the same for 300 and 400 and so on.

15. Longevity Escape Velocity (LEV)

16. Way to Live to 1,000 Years Old • O: There will be many therapies that can make people live longer, and the new ones solve the old ones’ problems. • X: There will be a therapy that can eliminate aging

17. Robust Mouse Rejuvenation • Do nothing until the mice are already two years old. • With the therapies, the mice succeed to live for 5 years.

18. Speculation of RHR • 50/50 chance • 15 years after reaching RMR milestone

19. “Damage” Caused by Metabolism • “Damage” itself is caused throughout life, starting before we're born • Gerontology: inhibit the rate at which metabolism lays down this damage—losing battle • A third approach, "engineering approach“: repair the damage periodically

20. engineering approach • It's something that we are within range of being able to do • repair all of these various types of damage periodically • repair them quite a lot(not completely) → keep the level of damage down below the threshold

21. The seven deadly things • Metabolism → Damage → Pathology 1.Junk inside cells 2. Nuclear mutation 3.Protein crosslinks 4. Junk outside cells 5. mtDNA mutation 6. Cell loss 7. Death-resistant cells

22. Discussion from biology • 1.damage can accumulate in long-lived molecules • 2.short-lived molecule undergoes damage, and then the molecule is destroyed • 3.For example, protein being destroyed by proteolysis → the damage is gone, too.

23. 20 years is extremely long to find nothing out

24. conclusion • We can probably achieve the goal in about 10 years if we can actually get enough money, but we do need to get serious about it.

25. Thanks for your listening!