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L 9

L 9. TRANSPORT SAFETY, SOURCE SECURITY & DEALING WITH WASTE. Answer True or False. Source accounting records will contain source-specific information (radionuclide identity and activity), and will include all information regarding movement of the material, from production to disposal

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L 9

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  1. L 9 TRANSPORT SAFETY, SOURCE SECURITY & DEALING WITH WASTE

  2. Answer True or False • Source accounting records will contain source-specific information (radionuclide identity and activity), and will include all information regarding movement of the material, from production to disposal • The manner in which radioactive waste is stored and disposed of will take account of the condition of the source and its origin (e.g., clinical waste, cyclotron waste, etc.), and will be performed in accordance with national regulations Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  3. Objective To consider aspects of a PET/CT facility: transport of the radionuclide, accounting, security of sources and waste management at the facility Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  4. Content • Transport • Accounting • Source security • Waste • Cyclotron • PET/CT unit Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  5. 9.1 Transport

  6. Liner Lead container Source Transport Case Container Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  7. For return to supplier Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  8. Transport Index (TI) 1.0 m TI = max dose-rate at 1.0m (Sv/h) 10 Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  9. White-I Label • < 5.0 Sv/h at surface • < 0.05 Sv/h at 1.0 m • TI = 0 Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  10. Yellow-II Label • < 500 Sv/h, > 5 Sv/h at surface • < 10 Sv/h at 1.0 m • 0 < TI < 1.0 Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  11. Yellow-III Label • > 500 Sv/h,< 2000Sv/h at surface • > 10Sv/h, < 100Sv/h at 1.0m • 1.0 < TI < 10 Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  12. Vehicle Placards 3 placards on vehicle Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  13. Consignor’s Responsibilities All labelling and placarding Provision of transport documents Provision of local rules and any other relevant information Driver training Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  14. 9.2 Accounting

  15. Accountability of Sources Receipt, storage, use and all movements of a source must be recorded Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  16. Accountability of Sources Source accountancy records should contain: • radionuclide and activity of sources, • location and description of sources, • disposal details The records should be updated regularly, and the location of the sources checked Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  17. Ordering and Receipt • Protocols should specify • Persons authorized to order radionuclides • Routines for delivering radioactive material to the department • Routines for checking and unpacking of shipment • Routines in case of damaged package • Routines for check of radionuclide and activity • Which records must be kept Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  18. Typical Quantities • For 10 patients: • 50GBq for single daily delivery • 10GBq for 2 deliveries per day Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  19. 9.3 Source security

  20. Security of Sources (BSS) 2.34: “Sources shall be kept secure so as to prevent theft or damage and to prevent any unauthorized legal person from carrying out any of the actions specified in the General Obligations for practices of the Standards (see para’s 2.7-2.9)” Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  21. Security of Sources The security of sources shall be taken into account in the different steps of the lifetime of a source in a facility Receipt Storage before use Transport (in house) Storage of waste Use Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  22. Line sources Routine use Calibration source, radioactive waste Storage of Radionuclides Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  23. Source Storage Source stores must: • provide protection against environmental conditions • be only for radioactive materials • provide sufficient shielding • be resistant to fire • be secure • have a radiation warning sign Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  24. Sealed Sources • Inventory of sealed sources • Disposal should be considered when replacement purchased and financial/practical provision arranged • Authorization to store sources • Leak test • Security of sources Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  25. 9.4 Waste

  26. Radioactive Waste (BSS) “III.8. Registrants and licensees shall: (a) ensure that the activity and volume of any radioactive waste that results from the sources for which they are responsible be kept to the minimum practicable, and that the waste be managed, i.e. collected, handled, treated, conditioned, transported, stored and disposed of, in accordance with the requirements of the Standards and any other applicable standard [26]; and …” Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  27. Radioactive Waste (BSS) “III.8. Registrants and licensees shall: (b) …segregate, and treat separately if appropriate, different types of radioactive waste where warranted by differences in factors such as radionuclide content, half-life, concentration, volume and physical and chemical properties, taking into account the available options for waste disposal.” Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  28. Radioactive Waste Radioactive waste should be handled, stored and disposed of according to local procedures that are based on national regulations Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  29. Practical Means of Dealing with Radioactive Waste • Report on accumulation and disposal of radioactive substances • Review of practices to ensure minimum volume and activity of waste produced and released into environment • Aqueous waste from patients – drain likely to be best option • Aqueous waste from unused stock – decay to inactive likely to be best option • Solid waste – decay storage again likely to be best option Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  30. Waste from Cyclotron Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  31. Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  32. Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  33. Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  34. Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  35. Solid Waste - PET/CT Unit • Cover papers, gloves, empty vials and syringes • Separate bins for active and inactive waste • Store for 24 hours in shielded area before disposal as inactive waste • Waste should be labelled with date and radionuclide • Contaminated linen must be stored for 24 hours before removal to laundry • Maintain records Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  36. Liquid Waste - PET/CT Unit • Patient excreta • Separate patient toilet • Calculate on monthly basis to ensure authorization not exceeded • 30% of injected activity to drain (UK) Radiation Protection in PET/CT

  37. SUMMARY OF TRANSPORT SAFETY, SOURCE SECURITY & DEALING WITH WASTE • Transportation is performed according to the categorized level of the source • All sources must be accounted for, and their receipt, storage, security and movements all must be documented • Radioactive waste must be handled, stored and disposed of depending on the type of source (liquid, solid, aseptic, patient discharge, cyclotron waste) in compliance with local procedures based on national regulations Radiation Protection in PET/CT

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