South Carolina After the Civil War Part One

1. South Carolina After the Civil WarPart One The South During Reconstruction 1865-1877

2. What is Reconstruction? • The 12-year process (1865-1877) of rebuilding the South after the Civil War • Now that the war is over, many questions have to be answered • What to do with former Confederate leaders? • How to help newly-freed slaves

3. Reconstruction • Things to be rebuilt in the South after the war: • Farms • Houses • Bridges • Railroads • Anything else that had been destroyed

4. Richmond, Virginia after the War

5. Atlanta after the War

6. Columbia after the War

7. Columbia after the War

8. Railroads Destroyed

9. Railroads Destroyed

10. Homes Destroyed

11. Help for the Ex-slaves • In December 1865, the 13th Amendment was ratified (approved) • It forever eliminated slavery in the United States • Now that the slaves were free, what was to be done to help them??

12. ANSWER: The Freedmen’s Bureau • Created by the federal government in 1865 to help the freed slaves • The Bureau provided food, clothing, and medical supplies to needy blacks • It helped the freedmen find jobs • They also established schools to provide education to newly-freed slaves

13. How it Disappointed • Most freedmen were disappointed!! • They did not receive the “forty acres and a mule” like they were promised • They did not receive any money or education to “start” a new profession. • In all, the Bureau could not deliver on its promises.

14. Checkpoint – Answer on Your OWN Paper! • 1. Which Amendment eliminated slavery forever? • 2. What is Reconstruction? • 3. What organization was supposed to help out the freed slaves? • 4. Why did this organization disappoint?

15. Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction • Lincoln did not believe in punishing the Southern states • He wanted to “let them up easy” • Felt that being harsh to the South would hurt the country’s chances of coming back together

16. Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction • Lincoln wanted Reconstruction to be simple, primarily because he felt that the southern states never left the Union. • Lincoln’s two steps: • Remove those government officials of the CSA. • Replace them with officials loyal to the Union.

17. Lincoln’s 2 Major Provisions for the South • 1st- As punishment for their disloyalty, all high-level CSA officials-both civilian and military-were prohibited from voting. • 2nd- All Confederates would be pardoned and given back their property if they took an oath to the Union and the U.S. Constitution.

18. Opposition to Lincoln’s Plan • The majority of the opposition came from the North. • Northerners felt the south should pay dearly for the war and Lincoln was letting them off too easy. • Some laws were passed to punish the South, but Lincoln vetoed them

19. Checkpoint! • 1.) How did Lincoln feel about punishing the Southern states? • 2.) What was Lincoln’s “two step” Reconstruction plan? • 3.) How could a Confederate soldier or leader get his property back and get a pardon?

20. Sad Day in the Union • April 14, 1865- Lincoln is shot in Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. • Booth, a southern sympathizer, blamed the war on Lincoln and felt he was helping the south when he shot him. • However, he did more damage than good. Lincoln was the only one in government that was able to keep the “Radical Republicans” in check.

21. John Wilkes Booth

22. Johnson Takes Over • Andrew Johnson, a Tennessean, stayed in Congress after Tennessee sided with the CSA. • He was rewarded for his loyalty by being selected as Lincoln’s vice-president. • He becomes President when Lincoln dies

23. In his first action, Johnson added several more conditions to Lincoln’s plan. • Most Important- All of the southern states had to approve the Thirteenth Amendment, which made slavery illegal.

24. Checkpoint! • 1.) Who took over after Lincoln was assassinated? • 2.) What addition did this person put on Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?

25. South Carolina’s Constitution of 1865 • A convention met in Columbia to adopt a new state constitution. • The document differed greatly from the one written when they joined the CSA. • Voting was still restricted to whites. • The people elected the governor and the presidential electors for the first time in the state’s history. • Owning land as a qualifier to hold office was also abolished.

26. Radical Reconstruction • By the time Johnson had taken control and announced his plan for reconstruction, the “Radical Republicans” had taken control of Congress. • The radicals initially vetoed Johnson’s plan, however, they still felt that it was too “easy” on the South.

27. Black Codes • The leaders of the secession were still in charge. • Black Codes- A series of laws intended to restrict the freedom and behavior of blacks. • Could not own weapons • Could not vote • Could not make or sell liquor

28. In some places, blacks were forbidden from opening their own businesses. • In South Carolina, the Black Codes prohibited blacks from holding certain jobs. • They could not move to the city. • The freedmen had access to the courts in cases involving other blacks. • The Black Codes prevented the freedmen from enjoying their freedom.

29. Checkpoint! • 1.) Under the SC Constitution of 1865, the state forbid what practice? • 2.) Under this constitution, what was the only group that could vote? • 3.) What problem did the Republicans have with Johnson? • 4.) What were the “Black Codes?”

30. Radical Republican Plan • The “Radical Republicans” believed that the southern states should be taught a lesson. • In 1867, they create a Radical Republican Reconstruction plan • The Southern states were put under military rule

31. Radical Republican Plan • Blacks were given the right to vote; most Southern whites lost the right • Congress had to decide if a state could be readmitted into the Union; Southern states had to write new Constitutions • Southern states also had to ratify the 14th Amendment

32. Problems Grow for Johnson • In 1866, he created the Freedman’s Bureau • However, the “Radical Republicans” overturned his veto. • The Fourteenth Amendment was passed by Congress in July of 1866, against Johnson’s will.

33. Problems Grow for Johnson • The Fourteenth Amendment (granted citizenship to newly-freed slaves) was passed by Congress in July of 1866, against Johnson’s will. • Basically, the RR’s began to call the shots and ignore Johnson

34. Problems Grow for Johnson • Finally, Johnson removes Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, a radical leader. • This leads the RR’s in Congress to impeach, or bring charges against, Johnson. • The Senate holds a trial for Johnson.

35. The Impeachment Trial • ______ Senators serve as the jury for Johnson’s trial. • ____ votes are needed to convict Johnson • If convicted, he would be removed office.

36. The Impeachment Trial • The Verdict: not guilty • Guilty: 35 • Not Guilty: 19 • Johnson survives! Because the Senate requires a 2/3 vote, Johnson is declared not guilty. However, he loses what little power and respect he has left.

37. Reconstruction in South Carolina • The “Radical Republican” plan was a approved in March of 1867. • South Carolina was placed under military control • South Carolina ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, but refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.

38. Reconstruction in South Carolina • Before returning to the Union, South Carolina had to ratify the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and write a new constitution (get rid of the 1865 one). • The Fifteenth Amendment granted black males the right to vote.

39. 1866 Constitution • The differences were many from earlier constitutions. • Most Important - Allmen were given the right to vote.

40. Other Groups in the South • Carpetbaggers- northern whites who had moved south after the war. • Many came South to take advantage of the South’s problems and make a lot of money. • Some did move South to help, though

41. Other Groups in the South • Scalawags – White Southerners who did not support the Confederacy • Both groups (along with blacks) were supporters of the Republican Party • All 3 groups were hated in the South

42. Other Groups in the South • The Ku Klux Klan was organized in Tennessee shortly after the war • It was created to intimidate blacks and keep them from voting • The Klan also targeted carpetbaggers and scalawags • The Klan used intimidation, violence, and fear to preserve the power of Southern whites

43. THE KU KLUX KLAN

44. The End of Reconstruction • Republicans control the South from 1866-1876 • Eventually, people in the North lose interest in Reconstruction • In 1876, President Hayes withdraws US troops from the South • Reconstruction ends