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Accelerator Physics

Accelerator Physics. Basic Formalism Linear Accelerators Circular Accelerators Magnets Beam Optics Our Accelerator. Greg LeBlanc Lead Accelerator Physicist Australian Synchrotron Project. Basic Formalism. Lorentz Force. Only works on charged particles Electric Fields for Acceleration

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Accelerator Physics

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  1. Accelerator Physics • Basic Formalism • Linear Accelerators • Circular Accelerators • Magnets • Beam Optics • Our Accelerator Greg LeBlanc Lead Accelerator Physicist Australian Synchrotron Project

  2. Basic Formalism Lorentz Force • Only works on charged particles • Electric Fields for Acceleration • Magnetic Fields for Steering • Magnetic fields act perpendicular to the direction of motion. • For a relativistic particle, the force from a 1 Tessla magnetic field corresponds to an Electric field of 300 MV/m

  3. Basic Formalism Energy • Rest Energy: • Relativistic Parameter: • Velocity: • Relativistic Mass: • Energy in eV: (Electron rest mass 9.1*10-31kg gives a rest energy of 511 keV)

  4. Basic Formalism • Particles Relativistic when b1

  5. Linear Accelerators • Particles Accelerated in Straight Line • Electrostatic or RF Fields • Planar Wave • Static Case • Lorentz Force • Energy Gain

  6. Linear Accelerators Electrostatic Accelerators • Electron Gun • Van de Graaff generator (~20MV)

  7. Linear Accelerators RF Accelerators • Wideroe • Long for low frequency • Losses • Alvarez • Higher frequency • Higher voltages

  8. Linear Accelerators • Travelling Wave • Standing Wave

  9. Synchronicity in a LINAC The length of the ith drift tube is where is the velocity of the particles in the ith drift tube and is the rf period. Australian Synchrotron Example: Electrons at the speed of light (a valid approximation above 5 MeV) in a 3 GHz linac

  10. Circular Accelerators • Circular Motion in a Magnetic Field • Centripetal Force • Lorentz Force • B, r or T constant

  11. Circular Accelerators • Cyclotron • Constant B • Non-relativistic

  12. Circular Accelerators • Microtron • Synchronicity for Dg=integer • DEe=n x 511 keV • DEp=n x 938 MeV • Race Track Microtron

  13. Circular Accelerators • Synchrotron • Constant r and T • Magnets ‘Ramped’ • Storage Ring

  14. Magnets Dipoles for Steering • Magnetic Field

  15. Magnets Quadrupoles for Focusing • Gradient

  16. Magnets • Sextupoles • Chromatic effects • Octupoles • Correcting Magnetic Errors

  17. Beam Optics Coordinate System • Curvilinear System • Motion Relative Ideal Path individual particle trajectory s y S ideal path y x r x

  18. Beam Optics • Particle motion determined by magnetic lattice • Studied using simulation software

  19. Beam Optics • Machine Functions • Beam Motion • Beam Size • Beam Emittance

  20. Beam Optics • Response Matrix • Probe the Machine with the Beam • Calibrate Models

  21. Our Accelerator

  22. Our Accelerator

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