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ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics. Contents. IntroductionTheoryA. Definition and presentationB. Linear ModeC. Non Linear Mode Real Operational AmplificatorsUses ConclusionReferences. ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics. Definition and presentation. Theory. Operational Amplifier (Op Amp)Definition: a high gain electronic amplifying circuit element in a feedback amplifier, that accomplishes many functions or mathematical
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1: ME 6405INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS:
2: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics
3: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Definition and presentation
4: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Definition and presentation
5: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Definition and presentation
6: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics
7: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Definition and presentation
8: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Difference between input voltages to Op Amp is very small because voltage gain (A) is very large
Input impedance (Ri) is large
9: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Transfer Characteristic:
Modes
+ saturation ( )
- saturation ( )
linear ( )
10: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics
Op Amp transfer characteristic relation
11: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Analysis
We assume that the Op-Amp gain is very high, effectively infinity.
It is assumed that the amplifier operates in its linear amplifying region.
( for e.g. -10V < eo < 10V )
12: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Analysis
The difference between input voltages to the op amp is very small, essentially 0.
The input impedance to the op-amp is extremely large.
13: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Analysis
For e.g. if |eo | < 10V
and K = 105 then
|e+ - e’| =10/105 = 100 ?V
For the inverting amplifier,
e+ is grounded.
Hence e+ 0 and e’ 0
14: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics The equation for this circuit can be obtained as follows:
15: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics
Since K (0 - e’) = e0 and K >>>1,
then e’ 0 since
16: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics
Hence we have
or
17: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics For the non-inverting amplifier the input is connected to
the non-inverting input.
The same assumptions have been made as in the case of
the Inverting Op Amp
18: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics For this circuit we have ,
where K is the differential gain of the amplifier.
19: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics
This leads to
A particular form of this amplifier is when the feedback
loop is a short circuit, I.e. R2 = 0. Then the
voltage gain is 1, such an amplifier is called a
Voltage Follower.
20: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics An inverting amplifier can accept two or more inputs and
produce a weighted sum
At X,
I = IA + IB + IC
and we can see that:
21: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics By utilizing the usual assumptions, we obtain:
22: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics A differential amplifier is one that amplifies the difference
between two voltages
23: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics
The current through the feedback resistance must be
equal to that from V1 through R1
24: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Hence
which can be rearranged to give,
25: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Potential Difference across capacitor = VX - Vout
q = CV
26: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Rearranging this gives
Integrating both sides gives
27: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
28: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
29: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
30: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
31: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
32: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
33: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
34: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
35: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Non Linear Mode
36: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Internal electrical schema
37: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Input Characteristics
38: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Input Characteristics
39: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Transfer Characteristics
40: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Output Characteristics
41: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Output Characteristics
42: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Summary
43: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Summary
44: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Summary
45: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Solutions
46: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Solutions
47: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Practical Applications
48: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Characteristics / Numbers
49: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics CONCLUSION
50: ME 6405 Introduction to Mechatronics REFERENCES