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EXTERNAL HISTORY OF LANGUAGES IN BRITAIN

EXTERNAL HISTORY OF LANGUAGES IN BRITAIN. I.e. history of English in relation to other languages spoken in what is now the UK, and the non-linguistic historical and cultural events that impinged on the language… Some key dates. The Prehistoric period. BC6500 BRITAIN BECOMES AN ISLAND

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EXTERNAL HISTORY OF LANGUAGES IN BRITAIN

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  1. EXTERNAL HISTORY OFLANGUAGES IN BRITAIN I.e. history of English in relation to other languages spoken in what is now the UK, and the non-linguistic historical and cultural events that impinged on the language… Some key dates.

  2. The Prehistoric period • BC6500 BRITAIN BECOMES AN ISLAND • 4000+ PROTO-INDOEUROPEAN ANCESTOR OF ENGLISH SPOKEN NEAR THE BLACK SEA • 3000 NEOLITHIC FARMERS ARRIVE IN BRITAIN • 2000 STONEHENGE BUILT BY BRONZE AGE PEOPLE

  3. The Celtic period • BC 500+ IRON AGE CELTS IN EUROPE AND BRITAIN. GOEDELIC, BRYTHONIC • 390 CELTS SACK ROME • 55 JULIUS CAESAR INVADES BRITAIN…. AND LEAVES

  4. The Roman period • AD 43 CLAUDIUS CONQUERS ENGLAND. LATIN • 61 BOADICEA REBELS AGAINST THE ROMANS, SACKS COLCHESTER • 200+ GERMANIC PEOPLES INVADE ROMAN EMPIRE • 407+ ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN (410 GOTHS SACK ROME)

  5. The Anglo-Saxon period • 410+ CELTIC MONASTERIES (St PATRICK 5th Cent.); ‘THE DARK AGES’ • 449+ ANGLES, SAXONS, JUTES SETTLE IN BRITAIN. SAXON KINGDOMS OF WESSEX, MERCIA etc. OE • 597 ST AUGUSTINE BRINGS CHRISTIANITY… AND LATIN (again) • 700 FIRST OE TEXTS (1000 BEOWULF)

  6. The Viking period • 878 ALFRED GRANTS DANELAW TO VIKINGS. ON • 911 ROLLO/HROLF COLONISESNORMANDY • 991 BATTLE OF MALDON • 1011 DANES SACK CANTERBURY • 1016 CNUT KING OF ENGLAND

  7. The Norman French period • 1066 NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND. FRENCH, ME • 1204 NORMANDY LOST BY ENGLISH KINGS • 1277 EDWARD I CONQUERS GWYNEDD

  8. The Norman English period • 1362 STATUTE OF PLEADING • 1385+ CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES • 1400 HENRY IV FIRST ENGLISH SPEAKING KING, CHANCERY ENGLISH • 1476 PRINTING INVENTED. CAXTON

  9. The Tudor consolidation period • 15OO+ RENAISSANCE - GREEK AND LATIN (again) AMERICA. ENE • 1525 TYNDALE TRANSLATES NEW TESTAMENT INTO ENGLISH • 1588         BISHOP MORGAN - BIBLE INTO WELSH. SPANISH ARMADA • 1564 SHAKESPEARE BORN

  10. The Imperial expansion period • 1600 EAST INDIA COMPANY FOUNDED; MONARCHY IS RESTORED; BRITISH EMPIRE. NNE, MANY LANGUAGES • 1755         DR JOHNSON COMPLETES HIS DICTIONARY. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • 1770+ AUSTRALIA, AFRICA EXPLORED

  11. The Imperial fragmentation period • 1776 US DECLARES INDEPENDENCE • 1828 WEBSTER’S DICTIONARY • 1863 CAMBRIDGE OVERSEAS EXAMINATIONS • 1947 INDIA AND PAKISTAN BECOME INDEPENDENT

  12. The Modern international period • c1955 LATIN NO LONGER REQUIRED AT OXBRIDGE • 1962          CATHOLIC MASS IN ENGLISH NOT LATIN • 1967 WELSH LANGUAGE ACT • 2007 ENGLISH SPOKEN BY 1.8 BILLION PEOPLE

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