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2009 Energy Conference April 7, 2009

2009 Energy Conference April 7, 2009. The Energy Problem. Economic prosperity is intimately tied to affordable energy. There is potential for geopolitical conflict due to escalating competition for energy resources. The risk of adverse Climate Change.

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2009 Energy Conference April 7, 2009

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  1. 2009 Energy Conference April 7, 2009

  2. The Energy Problem • Economic prosperity is intimately tied to affordable energy. • There is potential for geopolitical conflict due to escalating competition for energy resources. • The risk of adverse Climate Change.

  3. Oil Dependency is a Drain on our Economy (Using EIA data)

  4. Oil Dependency is a Drain on our Economy Percentage price increase Gray bars indicate a recession FRBSF Economic Letter 11/18/05

  5. US oil became a net oil importer in the 1940s

  6. Energy is a security issue

  7. Global average temperature

  8. The standard of living of a country is not proportional to its energy consumption:Human Development Index vs. Electricity use United States Japan, France, Netherlands, Italy, UK, Germany, Israel, etc.

  9. Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation) (kWh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data) 14,000 12,000 United States 2005 Differences = 5,300kWh/yr 10,000 = $165/capita 8,000 California 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1998 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 Electricity use per person (1960 – 2008) From 1973 to 2008, the GDP/capita in California has doubled.

  10. New Energy for America’s Economy Clean Energy Economy President Obama’s plan: Create new green jobs that can’t be outsourced andadd to America’s future competitiveness

  11. New Energy for America’s Economy American Competitiveness

  12. Building Efficiency: Where we are & where we can be. ~ 3x improvement demonstrated6 -8x improvement is possible

  13. New Energy for America’s Economy • An energy efficient economy requires: • Federal investments to promote efficiency • Strong and sensible standards • Research, development, and deployment of new technologies • The collective will of the American people.

  14. New Energy for America’s Economy

  15. New Energy for America’s Economy Step 1: Federal investments to promote efficiency

  16. New Energy for America’s Economy President Obama’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Double alternative energy production over three years $6 billion in loan guarantees $8.2 billion for weatherization and energy efficiency $3.1 billion for state energy efforts $11 billion for smart grid President Obama wants R & D tax credit to be permanent

  17. 747- 400 64.5 m Modest but stable fiscal incentives were essential to stimulate long term development. Energy transmission/storage is also needed. 6 MW generator (126 m diameter rotors).

  18. New Energy for America’s Economy Step 2: Strong and sensible standards

  19. Higher standards stimulate technology and innovation: Refrigerator efficiency

  20. New Energy for America’s Economy Step 3: Research, development, and deployment of new technologies

  21. Cost of electricity generation vs. installed capacity (1990 dollars / installed Megawatt hour) Photovoltaics 2005 Windmills 2005 Gas turbines 5x cost difference (not including distribution, energy storage and back-up generation costs)

  22. A transformative technology • An essential component transcontinental telephone line was the vacuum tube. • Vacuum tubes generated a lot of heat and burned out. • AT&T Bell Laboratories invested heavily in improving vacuum tubes. They also embarked on a research program to develop a solid state replacement to the vacuum tube.

  23. Reel-to-reel mass production of efficient solar cells based on rapidly developing nano-technology may be possible.

  24. New Energy for America’s Economy The Department of Energy must become the modern Bell Labs Oak Ridge National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory Berkeley National Laboratory

  25. New Energy for America’s Economy Department of Energy Largest science funder 17 National Laboratories Researchers at 300 universities 88 Nobel Prize winners

  26. Time to harness our intellectual horsepower

  27. New Energy for America’s Economy President Obama: Double investment in science over 10 years

  28. Improved conversion of cellulose into fuel.New organisms for biomass conversion. Sunlight to energy via Bio-mass Sunlight CO2,H20, Nutrients Chemical energy Biomass Develop energy plants that can use marginal agricultural land, need less nutrients, water, and are easier to breakdown into simple sugars

  29. Norman Borlaug awarded Nobel Prize World Production of Grain (1961 – 2004) The Population Bomb goes to press 2005:Population = 6.5 B 1960: Population = 3 B Source: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations

  30. The invention of ammonia synthesis by Haber and Bosch made possible artificial fertilizers. Carl Bosch Fritz Haber

  31. Man first learned to fly by imitating nature

  32. Helios Artificial Photosynthesis Project The first important step: Sunlight + 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e-

  33. Earthrise from Apollo 8 (December 24, 1968)

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