A researcher decides to follow a group of children into

1. LO 7.1 A researcher decides to follow a group of children into adulthood to assess whether attachment styles formed with their parents has an effect on their intellectual growth over time. This is an example of what type of research? Cross-sectional Cross-sequential Longitudinal Experimental Case study

2. LO 7.1 A researcher decides to follow a group of children into adulthood to assess whether attachment styles formed with their parents has an effect on their intellectual growth over time. This is an example of what type of research? Cross-sectional Cross-sequential Longitudinal (p. 250-251) Experimental Case study

3. LO 7.4 Dizygotic twins are conceived due to the fact that: • One egg split into two separate zygote. • Two eggs were fertilized by one sperm cell. • One egg was fertilized by two sperm cells. • Two eggs were fertilized by two sperm cells. • The cause is unknown.

4. LO 7.4 Dizygotic twins are conceived due to the fact that: • One egg split into two separate zygote. • Two eggs were fertilized by one sperm cell. • One egg was fertilized by two sperm cells. • Two eggs were fertilized by two sperm cells. (p. 255) • The cause is unknown.

5. LO 7.6 This period of pregnancy is probably the time of most growth, with the biggest gains in weight for the baby: • Fetal • Embryonic • Germinal • Critical period • Conception

6. LO 7.6 This period of pregnancy is probably the time of most growth, with the biggest gains in weight for the baby: • Fetal (p. 259) • Embryonic • Germinal • Critical period • Conception

7. LO 7.6 Teratogens, or drug, chemical, or other factors that can bring about birth defects, may have their greatest effect on cardiovascular development at which point in time of prenatal development? • From 6-8 weeks • From 4-6 weeks • From 3-16 weeks • From 4-5 weeks • From 6-9 weeks

8. LO 7.6 Teratogens, or drug, chemical, or other factors that can bring about birth defects, may have their greatest effect on cardiovascular development at which point in time of prenatal development? • From 6-8 weeks • From 4-6 weeks • From 3-16 weeks (p. 258) • From 4-5 weeks • From 6-9 weeks

9. LO 7.7 Infants are born into the world with a series of innate, involuntary reflexes that help to aid their survival. The reflex that is involved with response to a loud noise is called: • Sucking • Babinski • Grasping • Moro • Rooting

10. LO 7.7 Infants are born into the world with a series of innate, involuntary reflexes that help to aid their survival. The reflex that is involved with response to a loud noise is called: • Sucking • Babinski • Grasping • Moro (p. 260) • Rooting

11. LO 7.9 During which stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development does a child obtain the understanding of object permanence? • Preoperational period • Sensorimotor period • Concrete operations • Formal operations • Post-formal operations

12. LO 7.9 During which stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development does a child obtain the understanding of object permanence? • Preoperational period • Sensorimotor period (p. 264-265) • Concrete operations • Formal operations • Post-formal operations

13. LO 7.9 Each of the following are criticisms of Piaget’s model of cognitive development EXCEPT: • Piaget underestimated how early children develop an understanding of object permanence. • Preschoolers are not as egocentric as Piaget believed. • Piaget underestimated the role of social interactions in influencing the rate at which children develop cognitive skills. • Development may be more continuous than Piaget suggested. • Piaget did not believe that children’s cognitive understanding was qualitatively different than that of adults.

14. LO 7.9 Each of the following are criticisms of Piaget’s model of cognitive development EXCEPT: • Piaget underestimated how early children develop an understanding of object permanence. • Preschoolers are not as egocentric as Piaget believed. • Piaget underestimated the role of social interactions in influencing the rate at which children develop cognitive skills. • Development may be more continuous than Piaget suggested. • Piaget did not believe that children’s cognitive understanding was qualitatively different than that of adults. (p. 264)

15. LO 7.10 The order of stages of language development that are experienced by children of all cultures is: • Cooing, crying, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech • Crying, cooing, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech • Crying, cooing, one-word speech, babbling, telegraphic speech • Crying, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, cooing, babbling • Crying, cooing, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, babbling

16. LO 7.10 The order of stages of language development that are experienced by children of all cultures is: • Cooing, crying, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech • Crying, cooing, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech (p. 269) • Crying, cooing, one-word speech, babbling, telegraphic speech • Crying, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, cooing, babbling • Crying, cooing, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, babbling

17. LO 7.11 A child who ________________ is able to explore a room of toys happily in the presence of their mother, is temporarily distressed when a stranger enters the room and the mother leaves, but is happy again when the mother later returns. • has an easy temperament • has a slow-to-warm temperament • has secure attachment style • has an ambivalent attachment style • has a disorganized attachment style

18. LO 7.11 A child who ________________ is able to explore a room of toys happily in the presence of their mother, is temporarily distressed when a stranger enters the room and the mother leaves, but is happy again when the mother later returns. • has an easy temperament • has a slow-to-warm temperament • has secure attachment style (p. 271) • has an ambivalent attachment style • has a disorganized attachment style

19. LO 7.11 Infant monkeys who were separated from their mothers at birth: • preferred a wire “surrogate monkey” who held a bottle with their food source. • preferred a cloth “surrogate monkey” that felt very similar to the feel of their real-life mother. • spent little time around either of the “surrogate monkeys.” • spent equal amounts of time around each of the “surrogate monkeys.” • showed that the attainment of nourishment superseded the need for “contact comfort.”

20. LO 7.11 Infant monkeys who were separated from their mothers at birth: • preferred a wire “surrogate monkey” who held a bottle with their food source. • preferred a cloth “surrogate monkey” that felt very similar to the feel of their real-life mother. (p. 272) • spent little time around either of the “surrogate monkeys.” • spent equal amounts of time around each of the “surrogate monkeys.” • showed that the attainment of nourishment superseded the need for “contact comfort.”

21. LO 7.12 During which stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development might it be most important for a child to have opportunities for success (e.g., with school activities such as reading and writing)? • Trust vs. mistrust • Autonomy vs. shame and doubt • Initiative vs. guilt • Industry vs. inferiority • Identity vs. role confusion

22. LO 7.12 During which stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development might it be most important for a child to have opportunities for success (e.g., with school activities such as reading and writing)? • Trust vs. mistrust • Autonomy vs. shame and doubt • Initiative vs. guilt • Industry vs. inferiority (p. 273) • Identity vs. role confusion

23. LO 7.14 A person who makes their moral judgments (i.e., of why an action is either right or wrong) that focuses on obtaining the approval of others is probably in which stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? • Pre-conventional • Conventional • Post-conventional • Initiative vs. guilt • Either the conventional or post-conventional stage

24. LO 7.14 A person who makes their moral judgments (i.e., of why an action is either right or wrong) that focuses on obtaining the approval of others is probably in which stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? • Pre-conventional • Conventional (p. 277) • Post-conventional • Initiative vs. guilt • Either the conventional or post-conventional stage

25. LO 7.16 In terms of physical development, all of the following occur as a person ages EXCEPT: • Speed of information processing declines • Physical strength begins to decline • Height decreases • Men go through a decline in testosterone, and may experience reduced sperm count • Disorders such as sleep apnea are less likely to occur with aging

26. LO 7.16 In terms of physical development, all of the following occur as a person ages EXCEPT: • Speed of information processing declines • Physical strength begins to decline • Height decreases • Men go through a decline in testosterone, and may experience reduced sperm count • Disorders such as sleep apnea are less likely to occur with aging (p. 279-280)

27. LO 7.16 The theory of aging that suggests that cells are limited in the number of times that they can reproduce to repair damage, and which is supported by the existence of telomeres, is: • Cellular clock theory • Wear-and tear theory • Free radical theory • Activity theory • Disengagement theory

28. LO 7.16 The theory of aging that suggests that cells are limited in the number of times that they can reproduce to repair damage, and which is supported by the existence of Telomeres is: • Cellular clock theory (p. 282-283) • Wear-and tear theory • Free radical theory • Activity theory • Disengagement theory

29. LO 7.20 All of the following are symptoms of ADHD EXCEPT: • Feelings of restlessness • Not paying attention when spoken to by others • Impatient and impulsive • Inability to pay attention to details • Prolonged attention but to inappropriate aspects of the social situation

30. LO 7.20 All of the following are symptoms of ADHD EXCEPT: • Feelings of restlessness • Not paying attention when spoken to by others • Impatient and impulsive • Inability to pay attention to details • Prolonged attention but to inappropriate aspects of the social situation (p. 285)