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University of Salahaddin – Hawler College of Engineering Dams & Water Resources Engineering

University of Salahaddin – Hawler College of Engineering Dams & Water Resources Engineering. Foundation Engineering Introduction. E-mail: Hawkar h. Ibrahim@gmail.co. Hawkar H. Ibrahim. DAS, B. M. (2011). Principles of foundation engineering. Stanford, CT, Cengage Learning.

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University of Salahaddin – Hawler College of Engineering Dams & Water Resources Engineering

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  1. University of Salahaddin – HawlerCollege of EngineeringDams & Water Resources Engineering Foundation Engineering Introduction E-mail: Hawkar h. Ibrahim@gmail.co Hawkar H. Ibrahim

  2. DAS, B. M. (2011). Principles of foundation engineering. Stanford, CT, Cengage Learning. • Bowles, J. E. (1997). Foundation analysis and design. New York: McGraw-Hill. • Kameswara, R. N. S. V. (2011). Foundation design: Theory and practice. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. • Tomlinson, M. J., & Boorman, R. (1986). Foundation design and construction. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical. • Varghese, P. C. (2009). Design of reinforced concrete foundations. New Delhi: PHI Learning. Main References

  3. Gunaratne, Manjriker, ed. The foundation engineering handbook. CRC Press, 2006. • Das, B. M. (1999). Fundamentals of geotechnical engineering. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. • Cernica, J. N. (1995). Geotechnical engineering. New York: Wiley. • Coduto, D. P. (2012). Foundation design: Principles and practices. Upper Saddle River, N.J [u.a.: Prentice Hall. • Specifications ACI Code 2005 and ACI Code 2011 Main References

  4. Chapter One: Introduction Chapter Two: Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Chapter Three: Settlement of Shallow Foundations Chapter Four: Structural Design of Shallow Foundations Chapter Five: Retaining Structures Chapter Six: Bearing Capacity of Piles Syllabus

  5. Foundation is the substructure which transfers the weight of a structure to the underlying soil or rock . A foundation is interfacing element between the superstructure and the underlying soil or rock. The loads transmitted by the foundation to the underling soil must not cause soil shear failure or damaging settlement of the superstructure. INTRODUCTION

  6. The term "foundation engineering" is used to include the design of foundations for buildings, other structures and also for such non-foundation problems such as retaining walls, tunnels, and earth dams, as well as the design of natural slopes, and stabilization of soils mechanically and chemically. INTRODUCTION

  7. 1- Determine the foundation loads to be supported. 2- Evaluate the subsurface exploration and elaborator testing programs. 3- Prepare a final soil profile. Determine soil layers suitable or unsuitable for shallow foundations or deep foundations. Also consider if ground improvement techniques could modify unsuitable layers into suitable support layers. FOUNDATION  DESIGN APPROACH

  8. 4- Consider and prepare alternative designs. Shallow foundations or Deep foundations. 5- Prepare cost estimates for feasible alternative foundation designs including all associated substructure cost. 6- Select the optimum foundation alternative. FOUNDATION  DESIGN APPROACH

  9. Q. Why you must worry about FOUNDATIONS? A. They hold everything up !!

  10. 1. Type of Structure  2. Loads (how heavy) 3. Type of Ground (“good” soil vs. “bad” soil) 4. Schedule            5. Cost 6. Accessibility  Q. What factors does the Geotechnical Engineer need to consider in selecting a proper foundation? The foundation takes the load from a structure and transmits it to safely to the ground

  11. A. 1. Compression (downward) 2. Tension (upward) 3. Lateral (sideways) 4. Torsion (twisting) 5. Combinations of the above Q. What kinds of loads do we need to worry about ?

  12. Foundation can be divided into two main groups: Shallow Foundation : where depth of foot/width of foot 4 Deep Foundation : where depth of foot/width of foot 4 CLASSIFICATION OF FOUNDATIONS

  13. 1.     Pad or column footings (Isolated or Combined) 2.     Strip footings 3.     Trench footings 4.     Slab on grade with thickened edge 5.     Interior footings for bearing walls 6.     Mat (Raft) footings (Thickened slabs) Shallow Foundation Types

  14. • Strip Footings • Single Footings • Combined Footings • Mat Footing Common Types of Shallow Foundations

  15. property line P1 P2 Two footings are close to each other If 1/2 < P2/P1 < 1 use trapezoidal footing Combined Footings

  16. Mat (or Raft) Foundation

  17. Mat (or Raft) Foundation

  18. Mat (or Raft) Foundation

  19. Deep Foundations Deep Foundations are those founding too deeply below the finished ground surface for their base bearing capacity to be affected by surface conditions, this is usually at depths/ width >4 m below finished ground level. Deep foundations can be used to transfer the loading to a deeper, more competent strata at depth if unsuitable soils are present near the surface.

  20.  Common Types of Deep Foundations are : 1. Pile foundations 2. Piers 3.  Caissons

  21.  Common Types of Deep Foundations are : 1. Pile foundations 2. Piers 3.  Caissons

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