PAST PERFECT

1. PAST PERFECT

3. FORM

4. Past Perfect Tense • expresses action in the past before another action in the past past in the past. EXAMPLE : • The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had (already)left.

5. Sequence of events Past Perfect Simple Timeline FIRST ACTION SECOND ACTION

6. Examples: it hit my friend stopped by had received had written The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg. I had already written my reportwhen my friend stopped by to visit.

7. USE: • To talk about a past action that ended before another action or time in the past, we use before and after&simple past. The lecutrehad startedbefore we arrived • We also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past action. I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before. • With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, by the time, by and until By the time I got home, my brother had already left.

8. The key words of Past Perfect After {Past Perfect} ,Past Simple As soon as Before {Past Simple} , Past Perfect By the time

9. AFTER vs. BEFORE: After he had finished the meeting , he made a telephone call. OR Before he made a telephone call , he had finished the meeting.

10. Make similar sentences using after and before. Finish learning - go out After I had finished learning, I went out. Before I went out, I had finished learning.

11. Make similar sentences using by the time and as soon as. go to the faculty - read By the time I went to the faculty,I had read an interesting book. As soon as I had read an interesting book, I went to the faculty.