3/5/07

1. 3/5/07 SPONGE: Have you ever met a person who would be described as “cold?” If so, what was this person like/what made them “cold”? If not, how do you think a “cold” person might be like? How did you feel when you were around them?

2. Agenda • Sponge • Current Events • New Unit! • Overview • Guided Notes: The Cold War • DBQ Scaffolding practice • Cold War Word Splash • TOTD

3. Current Events

4. Cold War 1945-late 1980s

5. Unit Overview • After World War II, many nations participated in a struggle called the Cold War. • On one side were communist states led by the Soviet Union and China. On the other side were non-communist nations led by the United States. • The Cold War finally ended in the 1980s with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of communism in Eastern Europe.

6. The COLD WAR: • Essential Question: - What was “cold” about the Cold war? - How did differing economic and political ideologies lead to the Cold War? • By the end of class, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: - Create conclusions from the notes given by putting key vocabulary into associating groups. • Explain in 3-4 sentences what was “cold” about the cold war by giving at least 3 examples of division that existed in the world after World War II.

7. From Hot to Cold War • The United States and Soviet Union fought together to defeat Germany in World War II • But once the glow of victory had faded, the communication between the two superpowers faded and a sense of fear and suspicion set in…

8. Cold War Begins • It was considered a COLD war because an armed battle never occurred. • Political and economical thinking between capitalistic United States and a communist Soviet Union resulted in tension between the two superpowers.

9. The Cold War Sets In……a time of Tension, Suspicion and FEAR • From the American perspective: • the Soviet Union was a nation of evildoers, intent on spreading godless ideology throughout the world – especially in Europe, Turkey and Iran • WHY THESE REGIONS?

10. The Cold War Sets In……a time of Tension, Suspicion and FEAR • From the Soviet perspective: • Americans were new imperialists – ready to deny Russia their winnings from the war that the Russians paid such a significant price for… • The Americans want to prevent them from gaining a BUFFER DEFENSE against another invasion of their western border…

11. The Winners Negotiate: Defining Peace… • Yalta Conference: • Where FDR, Churchill and Stalin discussed the future of post-war Europe. • Germany would be divided into occupation zones- controlled by: • American forces • Britain forces • French forces • Soviet forces • The three powers come to an agreement that an interim government would rule the Eastern European nations.

12. Yalta Conference • American negotiators pleaded that DEMOCRATIC principles be used to recognize the war torn nations of Europe • BUT the Russians were committed to using their RED Army to stay put and gain land elsewhere…

13. West Britain France United States East Soviet Union Germany Divided

14. In 1961 the East German government built a wall that separated East Berlin from West Berlin East German soldiers shot anyone who tried to escape from East Germany A Divided Germany

15. The Berlin Wall was Constructed in 1961 To keep East Germans From fleeing to the Western sector of Berlin

16. On Nov. 9, 1989, East Germany announced the easing of border controls. Thousands stormed the Berlin Wall and demanded its opening. At 11:30 p.m. the first section of it fell, ushering in the demise of the Iron Curtain.

17. The A-Bomb Threat • Atomic Bomb • Americans hoped that the A-Bomb threat would be enough to hold the Russian threat of expansion and spread of communism…

18. Two Superpowers • With all the other countries were divided and having to concentrate on rebuilding, the United States and Soviet Union emerge as the SUPERPOWERS • Superpower has been used to describe each of the rivals that came to dominate global politics in the period after World War II

19. What Makes a Super Power a Super Power? What Divided Them?

20. Differing Perspectives after WWII

21. An Iron Curtain Descends Europe • Winston Churchill of Britain gives his famous “IRON CURTAIN” speech in which he describes an imaginary line that was dividing Europe from the Baltic to the Adriatic Sea.. • On the East side were Soviet-dominated communist countries • On the West side were the Western democracies, led by the United States

22. The Cold War gets Colder • The fight turned into turning other countries into satellites who would share similar philosophies. • Joseph Stalin turned Poland and Czechoslovakia into satellite nations by forcing a pro-communist government. • The United States and its allies would find ways to help other countries fight against the Soviet Union’s spread of communism.

23. What nations were satellites of the Soviet Union?

24. DBQ Scaffolding Practice – Assigned Groups

25. DBQ Scaffolding Questions • Directions: Groups 1 & 2, start with document 1 and work your way to document 4. Groups 3, 4 & 5 start with document 4 and work your way to document 1 For each document: • Review the document • Answer the scaffolding question

26. Cold War Word Splash Part 1: • Make associations/groupings using colored pencils or highlighters. • Model Part 2: • You will be given one of the vocabulary words • Find a group to stand with that has has related words to your word.

27. TOTD • Explain in 3-4 sentences what was “cold” about the cold war by giving at least 3 examples of division that existed in the world after World War II.

28. The Truman Doctrine • President Harry Truman established the Truman Doctrine in March 1947. • Economic and political program to help countries resist Soviet Aggression • Based on Containment – limiting communism to areas already under Soviet control • Sent aid to Turkey and Greece to help ($400,000,000) • Policy was through MONEY and Aid– not WAR that we would stop the spread of communism

29. The Marshal Plan -1947 • Massive economic aid package to help strengthen democratic governments and lesson the appeal of communism • $13 Billion given in $, food and supplies • The money was to help European countries recover from WWII without turning to communism. • Stalin would entice countries who were in despair offering food, supplies and a better way of life

30. Crisis in Germany • Germany was divided into East and West. West was democratic and the East by communist. • Berlin, the capital of Germany was located in East Germany. Although it was located on the communist side, Berlin itself was also divided into an east and west side. • With tensions growing between democracy and communism, Stalin did not like that there were advocates of democracy in East Germany.

31. Stalin would not let Western Germany use the roads or railways to bring supplies to the Western side of Berlin Western side decides to fly supplies in 1 plane will land every 5-10 minutes bringing supplies Last 1 year Stalin finally agrees to open roads Berlin Airlift

32. The Berlin Airlift led to the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 –Western Germany and THE CREATION OF THE BERLIN WALL 1961 the East German government built a wall that separated East Berlin from West Berlin East German soldiers shot anyone who tried to escape from East Germany A Divided Germany

33. The Berlin Wall was Constructed in 1961 To keep East Germans From fleeing to the Western sector of Berlin

34. On Nov. 9, 1989, East Germany announced the easing of border controls. Thousands stormed the Berlin Wall and demanded its opening. At 11:30 p.m. the first section of it fell, ushering in the demise of the Iron Curtain.

35. 1949 - Western Countries form a military alliance NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization Members pledge support each other in case of an attack 1955 –Soviet Union form a military alliance with Eastern European countries WARSAW PACT Members pledge support each other in case of an attack Opposing Military Alliances

37. Revolts • Many nations tried to revolt against Soviet Union • Each time Soviet Union responded with force and murdering those who were against them • Became clear that the Soviet Union would use force to ensure the survival of communism and Soviet domination in Eastern Europe

38. Arms Race 1949 Soviet Union explodes their first atomic bomb Both superpowers develop and spend large amounts of money developing new weapons All countries scared could end up in WWIII – this time destroying everything. Space Race 1957 Soviet Union launches ‘Sputnik’ satellite into space 1958 U.S launches their first satellite 1961 Soviet send first man into space 1969 U.S. lands on the moon Both use space to spy on each other Arms and Space Race

39. Research Time!

40. Conflicts around the World

41. Causes and Impact of the Cuban Revolution

42. Nonaligned Nations • Countries that chose not to ally with either side • They remained Neutral • Their goals were to make economic progress and to avoid involvement in the Cold War • Some countries include • Yugoslavia • India • Many African nations

43. United Nations • Provided Forum for the superpowers to air their differences • Seen as ineffective at times • After cold war ended in 1991 the UN expanded several of its traditional roles • Today it sends international peacekeeping forces to countries in conflict

44. Summary • The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as two rival superpowers with differing political and economic systems • Their rivalry threatened peace around the world in a struggle called the Cold War • The Cold War lasted over 45 years • Both countries competed in arms, space, and conflicts around the world • United Nations remains a force for stability and peace

45. History of the Cold War • Chain of events during the cold war

46. Democracy in Japan • Japan occupied by American’s to ensure the end of militarism and a democratic government • General Douglas MacArthur was in command • New constitution written by MacArthur and his advisors • In1952 the Allied occupation officially ended

47. West Germany • Allies help set up political parties • Germans wrote a federal constitution • Included an article that guaranteed political asylum for people who were persecuted for political reasons • Wanted to ensure holocaust never happen again • Germany and Israel have strong diplomatic, economic and cultural ties