Learning Objectives: Section 2 Hardship and Suffering During the Great Depression

1. Standard Addressed: 11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government. CH 14-SEC 2 • Learning Objectives: Section 2 Hardship and Suffering During the Great Depression • 1. Describe how people struggled to survive during the Depression. • 2. Explain how the Depression affected men, women, and children.

2. QUIZ! First & Last Name CH-14-2

3. Section 2 Hardship and Suffering During the Depression During the Great Depression Americans do what they have to do to survive. NEXT

4. SECTION 2 Hardship and Suffering During the Depression The Depression Devastates People’s Lives The Depression in the Cities • People lose jobs, are evicted from homes • Shantytowns, settlements consisting of shacks, arise in cities • People dig through garbage, beg • Soup kitchens offer free or low-cost food • Bread lines—people line up for food from charities, public agencies • African Americans, Latinos have higher unemployment, lower pay Continued . . . NEXT

5. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

6.  THE GREAT DEPRESSION BEGINS SECTION 2: Photos by photographer Dorothea Lange

7. SOUP KITCHENS • One of the common features of urban areas during the era were soup kitchens and bread lines • Soup kitchens and bread lines offered free or low-cost food for people Unemployed men wait in line for food – this particular soup kitchen was sponsored by Al Capone

9. Chapter 14: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS B – Why did so many men leave their homes during the Depression? Many men were disheartened by their inability to support their families and so abandoned them. Others hoped to find work and send money home to their families.

10. SECTION 2 Effects on the American Family • Men in the Streets • Many men used to working, supporting families have difficulty coping • - cannot find jobs • About 300,000 hoboes wander country on railroad box cars • No federal system of direct relief—cash or food from government Continued . . . NEXT

11. HOBOES TRAVEL AMERICA • The 1930s created the term “hoboes” to describe poor drifters • 300,000 transients – or hoboes – hitched rides around the country on trains and slept under bridges (thousands were teenagers) • Injuries and death was common on railroad property; over 50,000 people were hurt or killed

12. Guided Reading:#1 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding employment, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Women, African-American men, and Mexican-American men were discriminated against in the workplace and became targets of hostility. • Many people found themselves out of jobs for years.

13. SECTION 2 continuedThe Depression Devastates People’s Lives • The Depression in Rural Areas • Most farmers can grow food for their families • About 400,000 farms lost through foreclosure • - many become tenant farmers NEXT

14. RURAL LIFE DURING THE DEPRESSION • While the Depression was difficult for everyone, farmers did have one advantage; they could grow food for their families • Thousands of farmers, however, lost their land • Many turned to tenant farming and barely scraped out a living Between 1929-1932 almost ½ million farmers lost their land

15.  HARDSHIPS DURING DEPRESSION • The Great Depression brought hardship, homelessness, and hunger to millions • Across the country, people lost their jobs, and their homes • Some built makeshifts shacks out of scrap material –called shantytowns • shantytowns sprung up in the outskirts of most cities

16. Chapter 14: Section 2 Questions • How were shantytowns, soup kitchens, and bread lines a response to the Depression? • They helped to home and feed the needy.

17. Guided Reading:#2 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Housing, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Many unemployed people lost their homes; • Many homeless lived in the streets or in shantytowns; • Many farmers lost their farms

18. SECTION 2 continuedThe Depression Devastates People’s Lives The Dust Bowl • Farmers in Great Plains exhaust land through overproduction • 1930s, drought, windstorms hit; soil scattered for hundreds of miles • Dust Bowl— area from North Dakota to Texas that is hardest hit • Many farm families migrate to Pacific Coast states NEXT

19. THE DUST BOWL • CAUSES: • A severe drought gripped the Great Plains in the early 1930s • Wind scattered the topsoil, exposing sand and grit • Over production of crops Kansas Farmer, 1933

21. Dust storm approaching Stratford, Texas - 1934

22. The resulting dust traveled hundreds of miles

23. One storm in 1934 picked up millions of tons of dust from the Plains an carried it to the East Coast Dust buried cars and wagons in South Dakota in 1936

27. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading: #3 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Farming, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Farmland already exhausted through overproduction was hit with drought and winds, turning the plains into the Dust Bowl; • Dramatic decreases in farm prices and income; • Many farmers lost ownership of their farms and were forced to become tenant farmers or farm laborers

28. SECTION 2 Effects on the American Family • Hardship and the Family • Family is source of strength for most Americans • Some families break apart under strain of making ends meet Continued . . . NEXT

29.  HARDEST HIT REGIONS • Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado were the hardest hit regions during the Dust Bowl • Many farmers migrated to California and other Pacific Coast states Boy covers his mouth to avoid dust, 1935

30. Photographer Dorothea Lange captures a family headed west to escape the dust storms

32. CONDITIONS FOR MINORITIES • Unemployment was the highest among minorities and their pay was the lowest • Conditions for African Americans and Latinos were especially difficult • Increased violence (24 lynchings in 1933 alone) marred the 1930s • Many Mexicans were “encouraged” to return to their homeland As conditions deteriorated, violence against blacks increased

34. Chapter 14: Section 2 Questions • Why did minorities often experience an increase in discrimination during the Great Depression? • Because it was harder for everyone to find jobs. • White people were often considered first for employment.

35. Mexican Deportations

36. Chapter 14: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS A – How did the Great Depression affect minorities? African Americans and Latinos suffered from unemployment, low pay, and racial violence.

38. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading:#4 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Race relations, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Intense competition for jobs sparked existing racial resentments into open hostility and violence; • In 1933, 24 African-Americans were lynched; • Thousands of Mexican-Americans left the U.S. voluntarily or were deported.

39. SECTION 2 continuedEffects on the American Family • Women Struggle to Survive • Homemakers budget carefully, can food, sew clothes • Women work outside home; resented by unemployed men • Many women suffer in silence, ashamed to stand in bread lines Continued . . . NEXT

41. SECTION 2 continuedEffects on the American Family • Children Suffer Hardships • Poor diets, health care lead to serious health problems in children • Lack of tax revenue leads to shortened school year, school closings • Teenagers leave home, ride trains in search of work, adventure Continued . . . NEXT

42. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading:#5 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Family LIFE, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • The Depression strengthened family ties, but also increased family tensions; • Some men abandoned their families, • discouraged by their inability to provide for themselves and their families.

44. Chapter 14: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS C – How did the Great Depression affect women and children? Women: many had to manage tight household budgets; Encountered opposition at holding jobs outside the home. Children: suffered from poor diets and inadequate health care; Child welfare programs and schools shut down. 

46. Pigeon Chest Bow legs

47. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading:#6 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Physical HEALTH, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Malnutrition and starvation grew more common • Poor and homeless people scavenged or begged for food or turned to soup kitchens and bread lines; • Poor diet and lack of health care increased rates of serious health problems;

48. SECTION 2 continuedEffects on the American Family • Social and Psychological Effects • 1928–1932, suicide rate rises over 30% • Admissions to state mental hospitals triple • People give up health care, college, put off marriage, children • Stigma of poverty doesn’t disappear; financial security becomes goal • Many show great kindness to strangers • Develop habit of saving and thriftiness NEXT

49. EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION • Suicide rate rose more than 30% between 1928-1932 • Alcoholism rose sharply in urban areas • Three times as many people were admitted to state mental hospitals as in normal times • Many people showed great kindness to strangers • Additionally, many people developed habits of savings & thriftiness

50. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading: #7 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding emotional health, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Many people became demoralized; • Suicides and admissions to mental hospitals increased dramatically; • People were forced to accept compromises that would affect them the rest of their lives; • Some people came to want financial security more than anything else in life