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Binding Energy

Binding Energy. Basic Terminology:. nucleon. nuclide. atomic number: Z atomic mass number: A. isotope. A X Z. Atomic size: 10 -10 m. ° angstrom A. number of atoms on surface of a coin, 1 cm in diameter?. 10 16. Masses on periodic table based on:.

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Binding Energy

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  1. Binding Energy

  2. Basic Terminology: nucleon nuclide atomic number: Z atomic mass number: A isotope A X Z

  3. Atomic size: 10-10 m ° angstrom A number of atoms on surface of a coin, 1 cm in diameter? 1016

  4. Masses on periodic table based on: carbon-12 atom: mass = 12.0000 atomic mass units (u) 6 protons: 6 neutrons: 6 electrons: 6 x 1.007276 u 6 x 1.008665 u 6 x 0.00054858 u total mass: 12.098937 u mass defect = 0.098937 u

  5. Mass defect converted to energy; called the binding energy 1 u of mass = 1.66054 x 10-27 kg E = mc2 (1 u)(c2) = 931.5 MeV Conversion factor: 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2

  6. binding energy of C-12: 92.16 MeV Binding energy is the energy the atom “lacks” – the energy needed to split the atom apart

  7. Determine the binding energy of He-4. 2 p: 2 x 1.007276 u = 2.014552 u 2 n: 2 x 1.008665 u = 2.017330 u 2 e: 2 x 0.00054858 u = 0.00109716 u total mass = 4.032979 u mass of He-4 atom: 4.002602 u mass defect = 0.030377 u BE = 28.30 MeV

  8. A nucleon (p+ or n0) inside a nucleus has less mass than its mass outside the nucleus. “Missing mass” converted to energy.

  9. Average Binding Energy/nucleon: BE/A helium – 4: 28.30/4 = 7.1 MeV The greater the BE/A, the more tightly the nucleus is held together.

  10. Nuclei below Fe: fusion Nuclei above Fe: fission

  11. Any nuclear transformation that moves nuclei toward iron releases energy.

  12. Determine BE/nucleon for Fe-56 26 H-1: 26 x 1.007825 30 n : 30 x 1.0086665 56.4635 u Fe-56: 55.9349 u Δm = 0.5286 u BE = 492.4 MeV BE/A = 8.8 MeV

  13. Reactants  Products +Energy To yield energy, products must have less mass than reactants. If products have more mass, energy must be added.

  14. n KEproducts = KEreactants + energy equivalent of mass decrease in the reaction

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