MOOCs: opportunity or threat?

1. MOOCs: opportunity or threat? … where do we start? Numbers? / $? / Active Learning?

2. Formal Higher Education Courses & Research … has traditionally been based in

3. Closed Peer Groups (pre-internet) Formal Higher Education Courses & Research … all of which is now embedded in

4. Open Networks (internet-based) Closed Peer Groups Formal Higher Education Courses & Research

5. MOOCs

6. Massive emergent learning MOOCs

7. Massive emergent learning MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning

8. Open research Massive emergent learning MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning

9. Open research Massive emergent learning MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Interactive Media PRS on steroids

10. Open research Open Curricula & Outcomes Massive emergent learning Social Media MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Interactive Media PRS on steroids

11. Open research Open Curricula & Outcomes Massive emergent learning Social Media MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Prescriptive Courses Interactive Media PRS on steroids

12. Open research Practitioners Intermediate Hangouts Open Curricula & Outcomes Massive emergent learning Social Media Novices MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Prescriptive Courses Interactive Media PRS on steroids

13. Open research Practitioners Intermediate Hangouts Open Curricula & Outcomes Massive emergent learning Social Media Novices Open Courses MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Prescriptive Courses Interactive Media PRS on steroids

14. Open research Practitioners Intermediate Hangouts Open Curricula & Outcomes Massive emergent learning Social Media Novices Open Courses Nested within a MOOC Formal Courses MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Prescriptive Courses Interactive Media PRS on steroids Tasters

15. Open research Research Beta’s Practitioners Intermediate Hangouts Open Curricula & Outcomes Massive emergent learning Social Media Novices Open Courses Nested within a MOOC Formal Courses MOOCs Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Prescriptive Courses Interactive Media PRS on steroids Tasters

16. Open research Research Beta’s Practitioners Intermediate Hangouts Open Curricula & Outcomes Massive emergent learning Social Media Novices Open Courses Nested within a MOOC Formal Courses MOOCs Certificate of Completion Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Prescriptive Courses Interactive Media PRS on steroids Exams APL / WBL Tasters

17. Open research Research Beta’s Practitioners Intermediate Hangouts Open Curricula & Outcomes Massive emergent learning Social Media Novices Open Courses Nested within a MOOC Formal Courses MOOCs Certificate of Completion Massive prescriptive learning Fixed Curricula & Outcomes Prescriptive Courses Interactive Media PRS on steroids Exams APL / WBL Tasters Accreditation Industry CPD Univ.

18. Open research wiki: http://footprints-of-emergence.wikispaces.com/

19. Narrative … This presentation was given at the Faculty of Technology’s Teaching and Learning Conference in June 2013, at Portsmouth University. Slide 1: Active Learning MOOCs can be seen as either an opportunity or a threat. Before we answer that, we need to think through the issues, and for that, we need to decide where to start: the numbers of students, the money, or active learning? Ideally we should consider all three, but if we have to choose, we should start with enhancing active learning, and that is the focus of this presentation. Slides 2-4: Open Networks Networking in closed peer groups has always been part of higher educationand research, ever since the beginnings of the Royal Society in the 17th Century. What’s new is that these peer groups, as well as teaching and learning, are now embedded in open networks and open research. In a sense we are all e-learners and networked learners now; the question is just how we are we going to use it.

20. MOOCs are massive, open and online. There are two basic choices: do you want to run a massive prescriptive learning event, in which process and outcomes are tightly specified (and ‘closed’), or a massive emergent learning event, in which process and outcomes are, precisely, open and somewhat unpredictable? Slides 5-10 Basic Choices Active prescriptive learning requires interactive media, and real-time individual (or group) feedback – e.g. using what could be called PRS (personal response systems) ‘on steroids’. Within the limits of prescribed learning, it can deliver large numbers of students, and fixed outcomes in a fixed curriculum. It does not require social media, although it can very usefully be supplemented and enriched by the use of them. Active emergent learning is open in a much broader sense. It requires extensive use of social media and interaction between learners, but also some form of facilitation or moderation. It can yield open, emergent learning, and even an open, emergent curriculum. It relates to, and interacts naturally with, open research.

21. Emergent learning MOOCs can be approached in two basic ways: i) as Hangouts (at three different levels), to get to learn something about a topic or a course, or people with similar interests, without any onus on them to complete the course, or ii) as Open Courses, with the intension of completing the whole course. Slides 11- 15: Extended Options Prescriptive learning has implicit expectations of course completion, although this too is not a requirement. Prescriptive courses don’t really function as hangouts, but they can function as taster courses. In addition, there is a useful hybrid option, combining features of Open (MOOC) Courses and traditional HE courses (whether on-campus or on-line): ‘Nested Courses within a MOOC’. These link a formal HE course with a broader community of interestsuch as the relevant professional community for that topic or subject.

22. Slides 11- 15: Extended Options (cont.) And there is one further variation, which is a ‘Research Beta’ Emergent learning MOOC, in which emergent research ideas are tested and developed collaboratively. The expectation would be that it would be a ‘serious hangout’ (yet another hybrid form), of established practitioners, although not exclusively so. All of these variants overlap to some extent. All MOOCs, insofar as they are ‘open’, can be used in a variety of ways. Slides 16-17: Accreditation MOOCs generally offer ‘certificates of completion’ (or even ‘badges for micro-components, or micro-MOOCs). These are, in themselves, of little value for traditional accreditation. Because of the basic problems with identity validation, these have little currency in the accreditation market.

23. Slides 16-17: Accreditation (cont.) However, there are two accreditation options: i) Examination centers have for years been provided for distance education, and could be expanded for MOOCs, and ii) Accreditation of Prior Learning – APL can be obtained, most effectively through ‘work-based learning’ (or ‘learning at work’) programmes, provided by several UK Universities, such as Portsmouth. These can lead to formal University credits and, potentially, to credits for industry and professional CPD credits.

24. And finally, there is an open research wiki on emergent learning, including design, research and evaluation, here.