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Chapter – 6 Oct 24, 2011 Part - B

Chapter – 6 Oct 24, 2011 Part - B. The legends of physical sciences. The De Broglie’s Equation. In 1924 Louis De Broglie proposed that electrons do not behave like solid particles, but they behave like waves.

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Chapter – 6 Oct 24, 2011 Part - B

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  1. Chapter – 6 Oct 24, 2011 Part - B The legends of physical sciences

  2. The De Broglie’s Equation In 1924 Louis De Broglie proposed that electrons do not behave like solid particles, but they behave like waves. De Broglie suggested that the wavelength of a particle of mass m moving at speed vis, h = plank’s constant Louis De Broglie (1892 – 1987) This relation provides the link between the description of electron as a particle and as a wave

  3. The Schrodinger’s Wave Equation developed this idea and solved wave equations to make predictions about where an electron may be found in an atom. Edwin Schrodinger (1887 – 1961) Schrodinger’s wave equations , when solved, identifies a region in space around the nucleus where there is a 90% probability of finding an electron with a specified energy.

  4. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Werner Heisenberg 1901-1976 • When you try to observe the wave nature of the electron, you cannot observe its particle nature and vice versa, we cannot locate electrons and simultaneously observe their wave nature . it is impossible to simultaneously measure the position and momemtum of an electron with exactitude.

  5. Indeterminacy of Electrons • A baseball follows a well-defined trajectory from the hand of the pitcher to the mitt of the catcher. • The catcher can see the trajectory of the ball and predict correctly to place the mitt in the right place to catch the ball. • However, electrons do not follow a fixed path to predict, we can only have a statistical map when electrons can be found under a given set of conditions.

  6. Probability Distribution Map • If the baseball displayed wave-particle duality, the path of the baseball could not be precisely determined. • The best we could do would be to make a probability distribution map of where a "pitched" electron will cross home plate.

  7. In the quantum-mechanical model, specific electron orbits are not appropriate: the electron's movement cannot be known that precisely. Instead, we map the probability of finding the electron at various locations outside the nucleus. • The probability map is called an orbital.

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